Incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric plasmas rely on echoes from electron density fluctuations with properties governed by the dispersion relations for ion acoustic and Langmuir waves. Radar observations of echoes associated with Langmuir waves (plasma lines) from thermal plasma are weak, and only a few near‐thermal level measurements have been reported. Plasma line echoes are typically ...

Two functions have been assigned to properdin; stabilization of the alternative convertase, C3bBb, is well accepted, whereas the role of properdin as pattern recognition molecule is controversial. The presence of nonphysiological aggregates in purified properdin preparations and experimental models that do not allow discrimination between the initial binding of properdin and binding secondary to C3b ...

In support of continuous environmental improvement in the mining industry, it is important to systematically assess the environmental impacts of mining and mineral processing operations from a life cycle perspective. Although life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used as an environmental systems analysis tool, the application of LCA in the mining industry is still in progress. This paper carried ...

<p><b>Objective</b>: To carry out preliminary evaluation of a training module for doctors to enhance their ability to involve their patients in medical decision making. The training refers to the shared decision-making (SDM) communication concept.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: The training module includes a comprehensive manual, a corresponding video tutorial with communication examples and a 15-minute ...

Isaac Olsen was a Norwegian person who went to Finnmark at the beginning of the 1700s and worked there as teacher and preacher among the Sami population until 1716. He wrote a copybook which is preserved today in the Museum of Cultural History, Norway. Parts of this copybook have been published, but the parts on which this article is based, have not been published previously. Mostly written in ...

The autoregressive (AR) process of order p(AR(p)) is a central model in time series analysis. A Bayesian approach requires the user to define a prior distribution for the coefficients of the AR(p) model. Although it is easy to write down some prior, it is not at all obvious how to understand and interpret the prior distribution, to ensure that it behaves according to the users' prior knowledge. In ...

Findings from previous cross-sectional studies showed that while toddlers around their first birthday imitate selectively, that is, they systematically omit some kinds of target action steps or they copy only the goal, but not the means of the modeled actions, older toddlers imitate more exactly. The aim of the present article is to provide longitudinal evidence for this developmental trend and to ...

<p>Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I) is a progressive disorder caused by mutations in the FuKutin-Related Protein gene (FKRP). LGMD2I displays clinical heterogeneity with onset of severe symptoms in early childhood to mild calf and thigh hypertrophy in the second or third decade. Patients homozygous for the common FKRP mutation c.826C>A (p.Leu276Ile) show phenotypes within the milder ...

Norwegian fjord sediments are promising archives for very high resolution records of past environmental changes. Recent investigations of the modern depositional environment within fjords revealed that the accurate quantification of the inputs, sources, and sedimentary preservation of organic and inorganic material is crucial to decipher long term past climate signals in the sedimentary record ...

Body composition after kidney transplantation is linked to glucose metabolism, and impaired glucose metabolism is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. One year after transplantation we examined 150 patients for new-onset diabetes performing OGTTs and body composition measurements including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ...