Blar i tittel Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak)
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Carotid atherosclerosis, vascular risk factors and relation to cognitive test results : the Tromsø study 1994-2008.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-06-19)The prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment is rising worldwide as the number of elderly people increases in most countries. Vascular risk factors and carotid artery atherosclerosis have in some epidemiological studies been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline. The carotid artery is essential for blood supply to the brain, but is also vulnerable to atherosclerosis. The ... -
Causes and Consequences of Gender Roles
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-05-03)This dissertation addresses the pervasive issue of women’s underrepresentation in agentic work and the equally important (but underexamined) issue of men’s underrepresentation in communal unpaid work. First, I review research and identify what conditions need to be met in order for counterstereotypical role models to break down some of the barriers to women’s entry into agentic work (Chapter 2). One ... -
Cerebral structural and functional changes in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-05-25)Cerebral structural changes are associated with acute AN. Volume reduction is found in several regions, but it is unclear if this is a global phenomenon and how other morphological measures are affected. Cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (CSA) are morphometrics that are less studied and develop with different trajectories in adolescence, when AN normally debuts. Alterations in the brains ... -
Cesarean sections in Georgia and Norway - What contributes to too much, too little, or just right? The role of maternal risk factors and efforts to reduce high cesarean section rates
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-06)High rates of cesarean section are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. To decrease cesarean sections without medical indication is complex and requires in-depth knowledge of local context and which groups to target for possible interventions. Our aim was to assess the role of maternal risk factors in relation to cesarean section in Georgia and Norway, two countries with diverging rates ... -
The Chain of Survival. Studies of a prehospital trauma system in Iraq
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-06)Most trauma deaths in war occur outside hospital, in the mine fields and on the way to hospital. To improve survival, a prehospital trauma system was set up in 1997 by the PhD candidate with trauma experts from UNN in the minefields of North Iraq. The model worked well and reduced death rates from 40% to 10%. The model was further refined and adapted to manage highway traffic casualties, and in 2003 ... -
Change and predictors of rate of change in the treatment of children and adolescents with emotional disorders: A naturalistic observational study in two child and adolescent mental health services in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-05-15)The goals of this dissertation was to evaluate the rate of change, and associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and rate of change, for children and adolescents with anxiety and/or depression that had been treated within two Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the North of Norway. The study was of naturalistic observational type. Data from clinical instruments ... -
Changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy: prevalence and effect on selected adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The Murmansk County Birth Registry study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-04-06)Aims:<br> The specific objectives of this thesis were to i) determine the prevalence of smoking before and during pregnancy and to assess socio-demographic factors associated with discontinuing smoking or smoking reduction once pregnant; ii) investigate the effect of first-trimester smoking cessation while pregnant on Preeclampsia/eclampsia; and iii) explore the effect of changes in smoking behavior ... -
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT): statistical analysis and revision of molecular genetic diagnostics in a patient population and identification of the disease locus in a large Norwegian family with CMT.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-09-19)CMT is a common inherited disease of the peripheral nerves that may be caused by mutations in multiple genes, most are rare. Our aim was to describe the spectrum of mutations and genes in Norwegian CMT patients, identify factors associated with diagnostic findings, revise the testprotocol, and evaluate the assessments of genetic variants of uncertain clinical significance. Furthermore, we searched ... -
Child Mental Health in Nepal. An epidemiological study of emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) among Nepali schoolchildren reported by parents and teachers
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-01-20)<p><i>Background -</i> There is a substantial gap in our knowledge about the prevalence, magnitude, and correlates of child emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in Nepal. Little is known about the agreement between parent and teacher reports on EBP among Nepali children. Therefore, a large-scale survey in the general population was undertaken to fill this gap. <p><i>Methods -</i> This is a ... -
Childhood abuse : pregnancy and childbirth
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-03-18)Background: Childhood abuse affects adult physical and psychological health. There is limited research on the effect of childhood abuse on pregnancy and childbirth. Studies usually focus on a single type of abuse, commonly sexual and/or physical abuse, few have considered emotional abuse. The results of studies on childhood abuse and mode of delivery are inconsistent. This might be due to methodological ... -
Childhood Trauma in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A comparison to substance abuse disorders, and relation to cognitive performance and antipsychotic treatment outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-15)An increasing body of research points to the importance of childhood trauma (CT) in psychosis, and as a risk factor for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The aim of this thesis was to investigate and compare the frequency and severity of CT in relation to clinical aspects and treatment outcomes in SSDs. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF) was used to retrospectively measure ... -
Chronic hepatitis C: Epidemiology, viral resistance, and public health implications
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-06-14)Chronic hepatitis C: Epidemiology, viral resistance, and public health implications Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The infection is frequently asymptomatic, leaving many infected individuals unaware of the diagnosis until complications occur. The total number of HCV infections is projected to remain stable or to decline, but the ... -
Chronic Pelvic Pain in women. Group based multimodal physical therapy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-02-26)<p><i>Introduction - </i>The aims of this thesis were (1) to describe the characteristics of women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) referred for physical therapy after evaluation at a tertiary hospital, (2) to compare group-based multimodal physical therapy (intervention group) with primary care physical therapy (comparator group), and (3) to explore if selected pre-treatment characteristics were ... -
Circle of Willis variants and cerebrovascular health: Representations, prevalences, functions and related consequences. Incomplete anatomy and changes to flow appear to induce more unfavourable health outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)<p><i>Background:</i> The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a circular structure of arteries in which most of the blood flowing to our brains pass through. The structure has primarily been regarded as important for its ability to redistribute blood flow in case of acute arterial occlusion, but may also have a role in dampening the pressure gradient in cerebral blood flow. The CoW anatomy also varies ... -
Claims for compensation after alleged birth injury in Norway. A study of obstetric claims to the Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients from 1994-2008
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-10-16)Birth injuries to mother or child are infrequent in Norway, but very serious to all patients and their families. The consequences of an asphyxiated child might be severe, and the payouts from the Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients (NPE) are huge. These payouts may compensate some of the economical expenses, but neither the physical sequela nor the social consequences. Despite this fact, ... -
Clinical and genetic investigations of patients with myotonia congenita in Northern Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-02-10)Femten norske og tre svenske familier med klinisk diagnostisert ’kongenitt myotoni (MC)’ er inkludert i studiet. Alle pasienter likesom deres førstegrads slektninger er undersøkt nøye klinisk og elektromyografisk (EMG). Systematisk undersøkelse av CLCN1 gen er da utført for å finne mutasjoner. Nye mutasjoner blir studert med uttrykks studie for å finne ut deres funksjonelle konsekvens på kanal ... -
Clinical and laboratory aspects of vitamin D in relation to type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Results from the Tromsø Study and two randomized controlled trials.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-11-18)There has been a large interest in possible beneficial health effects of increasing the vitamin D (as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) levels in the population. Data from the Tromsø Study were used to assess the relation between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes in 6119 participants. This risk was approximately doubled in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile as ... -
Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic indices of heart failure and mortality in a general population. The Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-08-21)<p><i>Background - </i>Ageing of the general population, declining incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and improvements in medical treatment have resulted in an increase in heart failure (HF) prevalence. At the same time, number of studies linked to all-cause mortality and HF, co-existing HF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are scarce. <p><i>Objective - </i>To study long-term ... -
Clinical characteristics, mortality and pain tolerance in stable versus acute presentation of coronary heart disease
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-30)<p>Despite immense progress in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease, several challenges remain. In more than half of patients referred to coronary angiography for stable and unstable angina, no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is found. At the same time, some patients present for the first time with already extensive CAD. Further, the management of unstable ... -
Clinical epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with emphasis on nephritis and autoantibody production
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-09-09)Systemisk Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) er en kronisk sykdom der immunforsvaret produserer antistoffer som kan angripe kroppens egne organer. I 1997 ble klassifikasjonskriteriene for å stille diagnosen endret slik at flere typer autoantistoffer ble inkludert. For å undersøke mulige endringer etter innføring av de nye 1997 klassifikasjonskriteriene for SLE, delte vi inn pasientene i to grupper. En ...