Browsing Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak) by Title
Now showing items 216-235 of 699
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The epidemiology of myocardial infarction. Trends in incidence, risk factors, severity, treatment and outcomes of myocardial infarction in a general population.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-11-07)Paper 1 and 2 were based on the Tromsø Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study with repeated screenings for cardiovascular risk factors and follow-up with regard to disease incidence and mortality. Paper 3 was based on a local registry of consecutively patients with presumed ST-elevation myocardial infarction who had been given prehospital thrombolytic therapy, and then admitted to the ... -
The Epidemiology of Valvular Aortic Stenosis. Prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors and progression of aortic stenosis in a general population. The Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-19)With datasets from 3 repeated echocardiographic examinations (1994, 2001 and 2008) of a random sample of initially 3,273 participants in the Tromsø Study, we were able to give descriptive and analytical epidemiologic data on degenerative aortic valve disease. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) was defined as a mean aortic valve gradient ≥15 mmHg. There were 164 subjects with AS. We found that prevalence ... -
Epigenetics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contribution of DNA methylation to Ulcerative Colitis pathogenesis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-08)Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily affecting the colon. Along with Crohn’s disease (CD) they constitute the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic variants can only explain approximately 20 % of all IBD cases, indicating a more complex pathogenesis which is not fully understood. It has been implied that an ... -
Epithelial ovarian cancer. Population-based cohort studies. The NOWAC Study and Postgenome biobank
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-10-19)Important gaps in population-based epidemiological research on ovarian cancer include understanding how risk factors relate to cancer subtypes and anatomical sites, identifying safe and effective preventive measures, and getting a more detailed picture of the continuum of events during ovarian carcinogenesis. This thesis used prospective exposure information from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) ... -
Establishment of normative MRI standards for the paediatric skeleton to better outline pathology Focused on juvenile idiopathic arthritis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-10-19)Prosjektet har som formål å kartlegge normalfunn ved ulike MR-undersøkelser som brukes ved diagnostikk og oppfølging av barn med barneleddgikt og andre skjelettlidelser. Når man utvikler følsomme metoder for å oppdage sykdom er det viktig å finne ut om de også er nøyaktige. 88 barn fra 5-15 år ble undersøkt med MR og røntgen av håndleddet. 44 barn fikk i tillegg utført en spesial sekvens av ryggen. ... -
Estrogenic modulation of socio-sexual and fear-related behaviors in female rats: Properties of the estrogen receptors α and β in a procedure with external validity
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-06-06)A number of psychiatric troubles are distributed along a biased sex ratio. Differences in sex steroids levels, notably estradiol, could account for this bias. Differential expression and activation of the two known estrogen receptors (ER), α and β could result in different behavioral patterns. Indeed, these two receptors play an important, but unequal, role in the regulation of socio-sexual and ... -
Ethnic discrimination and bullying in relation to self-reported physical and mental health in Sami settlement areas in Norway : The SAMINOR study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-03-25)Vitenskapelig kunnskap om de norske samenes helse og levekår har økt de siste årene, spesielt etter at Senter for samisk helseforskning ble etablert i 2001. Forut for oppstarten av virksomheten ved senteret ligger ulike offentlige dokumenter til grunn. Fra 1995 foreligger NOU 1995:6 Plan for helse- og sosialtjenester for den samiske befolkningen i Norge. Dette dokumentet er det første offentlige ... -
Everyday life with prostate cancer : a qualitative study of men`s and spouses` experiences
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-11-15)Prostatakreft er den hyppigste kreftformen hos menn i Norge med ca. 4300 nye tilfeller hvert år. De vanligste behandlingsformene ved prostatakreft medfører bivirkninger som impotens og urinlekkasje, som for noen vedvarer resten av livet. Mange menn har korte opphol/konsultasjoner i institusjon ved utredning og behandling og ulike spørsmål viser seg først etter hjemkomst. Hensikten med studien er ... -
Evidence basis for injury prevention in Northwestern Russia: a study from the Population-based Shenkursk Injury Registry
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-02-25)Injuries are the important public health problem worldwide. Good-quality injury data are necessary for the development of effective prevention. The Shenkursk Injury Registry (SHIR) was established in the Shenkursk District, Northwestern Russia in 2015. The SHIR covers all injuries for which medical aid is given at the Shenkursk central district hospital (CDH). Overall aim was to provide an evidence ... -
Evolutionary genomics of cowpox virus and recombination in vitro between a naturally occurring cowpox virus and a vaccinia virus vectored influenza vaccine
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-06-02)Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a promising orthopoxvirus (OPXV) vector vaccine candidate due to its host range restriction and good safety profile as a smallpox vaccine. It has been widely tested in clinical trials as a recombinant vector for vaccination against infectious diseases and cancers in humans and animals. Furthermore, it is being used as a smallpox and Mpox vaccine. However, the ... -
Experiences with Capacity-based Mental Health Legislation in Norway. A qualitative interview study among patients who have come off a community treatment order, their health professionals and their family caregivers
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-26)The aim of the thesis was to explore the experiences of groups affected by the change in the Mental Health Care Act of 2017 when Norway introduced lack of consent capacity as an independent criterion for the use of coercion in mental health. Individual interviews were conducted to explore experiences with the change in the law from three perspectives in the northernmost health region of Norway. A ... -
Experiences with outpatient commitment orders from the perspectives of patients, relatives and staff - A qualitative study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-10-27)Compulsory outpatient psychiatric care or outpatient commitment (OC) is intended to ensure treatment of people with severe psychotic disorders after discharge from inpatient care. Although OC has long been used in Norway, there is little research-based knowledge of the extent and content of the scheme and a particular lack of knowledge of the experiences of those involved. The studies are based on ... -
Exploring and Targeting Novel Cancer Networks in Multidrug Resistant Neuroblastoma
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-06-19)High-risk neuroblastoma has an overall survival of only 50%, and alternative treatment options for this patient group are needed. In this thesis, I will present novel insight into potential anti-tumor mechanisms for high-risk neuroblastoma. Firstly, our investigations have revealed a tumor suppressor function of the microRNA (miRNA) <i>miR-323a-3p</i> in neuroblastoma cells, and that this miRNA ... -
Exploring mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions in cardiac cell models
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-01-11)Mitochondria are the main energy producing units (organelles) in cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes). Cardiomyocytes have especially high mitochondrial content due to the heart’s continuous energy-intensive pumping. Studies of heart disease (such as heart failure) indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is central to disease progression. There are many cellular mechanisms that protect mitochondria from ... -
Exploring patient safety in rural general practice - a mixed-methods approach
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-11-08)<p>Unsafe medical practices and incidents where safety hazards cause harm to patients occur daily in general practice. The costs to society, health care personnel and individual patients are substantial and deserve attention. “Hazards” can be regarded as local error-producing factors, latent failures, which create conditions for unsafe medical practice to take place. “Harm” occurs when these conditions ... -
Exploring the genomes of the Norwegian vancomycin resistant enterococci
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-24)Enterococci are gram-positive commensals in the human gut microbiota that may cause severe infections, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalised patients. Their ability to accumulate antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes has been vital in their evolution into leading pathogens. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most important resistant pathogens causing outbreaks ... -
Exploring the pangenome of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Colonisation, hospital adaption, pathogenicity and novel species identification
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-04-03)Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a ubiquitous bacterium recognised as a significant cause of nosocomial infections. Today it represents one of the most clinically relevant staphylococcal species, hallmarked by its extreme genome plasticity and multiresistant phenotype. Despite its relevance, little is known about its virulence repertoire or how it causes disease. The main objective of this PhD thesis ... -
Exploring the roles of TRIM27 and TRIM32 in autophagy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-05-21)<p>Tripartite motif family proteins (TRIMs) are a wide family of E3 ligases involved in the control of several cellular processes such as intracellular signaling, innate immunity, transcription, cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. In recent years, some members of this family have been found to have a role in autophagy. <p>The central theme of this thesis is the role of two TRIM proteins in ... -
Expression and activity of NADPH oxidases (NOX) and the ROS-mediated effects on γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) expression in cancer cells
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-12-10)Cancer cells with the ability to metastasize have also an ability to adapt and survive in new surroundings. This is connected to their ability to alter the balance between and the level of oxidants and antioxidants within the cell. To understand how cancer cells do this, a panel of cancer cells were examined with respect to genes that can affect the oxidant production. These cells had been isolated ... -
Expression and functional properties of selected miRNAs in human cancer tissue and cancer cell lines
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-03-01)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the regulation of gene expression, and they are often seen dysregulated in cancer. For this reason, it is of great scientific interest to study these ncRNAs to better understand their distribution in human tissues and their mode of function. Based on a comprehensive miRNA microarray from 108 breast cancers in the Norwegian Woman and ...