Blar i tittel Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak)
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Physical activity, osteoporosis, and fracture risk : long-term associations in a general population
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2011-11-04)Osteoporosis and related fractures are a major health problem among elderly people, and Norway has reportedly one of the highest fracture rates in the world. Many factors contribute to osteoporosis and fractures. One highly relevant protective factor is physical activity, which is a major mechanical determinant of the properties of the skeleton. Physical activity may postpone the age-related bone ... -
Physical activity, weight gain, and risk of mortality in adults
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-05-11)<p><i>Why:</i> As low physical activity levels associate with ill health and mortality, continuous monitoring of physical activity levels is needed to inform policy. Identifying aetiology causes for the obesity epidemic is important to prevent population weight gain. However, there are still uncertainties on how physical activity and weight at population level associate over time, and how physical ... -
Physical performance, physical and perceived health, and the use of healthcare services in a population of adults with intellectual disability
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-06-07)<p><i>Bakgrunn:</i> Voksne med utviklingshemming har dårligere fysisk og selvrapportert helse, og mindre tilgang til helsetjenester sammenlignet med generell befolkning. Dette har vært lite undersøkt i Norge. <p><i>Formål:</i> Øke kunnskap om helse og fysisk funksjon hos voksne med utviklingshemming. Undersøke faktorer assosiert med gjennomføring av fysiske funksjonstester, samt fysisk og selvopplevd ... -
Physiotherapy and professional clinical guidance in an out-patient clinic for people with multiple sclerosis : body and movement in sense making and professional development
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-08-30)Enkeltkonsultasjoner hos fysioterapeut og klinisk veiledning av kommunefysioterapeuter foregår i enkelte MS-poliklinikker. Målet for studien var å utvikle kunnskapsbasen for denne tjenesten med utgangspunkt i brukerperspektiv samt teorigrunnlaget for nevrologisk fysioterapi. Studien inkluderer en spørreundersøkelse blant 72 personer med multippel sklerose (PmMS), kvalitativt forskningsintervju ... -
Physiotherapy practice in reablement services. A qualitative study with observations and interviews
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-10-10)Reablement is a community-based health care service aiming to enable people with (or those at risk of) functional decline to stay independent in their own homes. The service entails short-term, goal-oriented interventions provided by an interprofessional team. Support personnel, referred to as home trainers (HTs), mainly conduct the treatment initiatives under supervision of professionals including ... -
Plasma von Willebrand factor and risk of future venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-05-31)Venous thromboembolism (VTE), an umbrella term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common disease with serious complications. Meanwhile, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is pivotal in haemostasis, and likely causally involved in VTE. VWF is regulated by ADAMTS13 and can promote haemostasis in two distinct ways; i.e., interaction ... -
Plasmids, Resistance and Hospital adaptation in Enterococci : an epidemiological approach
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-06-21)Sykehustilpassede bakterier er økende motstandsdyktig mot antibiotika Enterokokker (en type bakterier) er en viktig årsak til infeksjoner man kan få når man er innlagt på sykehus. Enterokokkene spesialiserer seg på å leve i sykehusmiljøet og er ofte er motstandsdyktige mot en rekke antibiotika. Disse bakteriene har en stor evne til å utveksle egenskaper seg i mellom, slik som antibiotika resistens. ... -
A population based study on coronary heart disease in families : the Finnmark Study 1974-1989
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2000) -
A population-based study of health care utilisation according to care level, socio-economic group, and continuity of primary care. The Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-01)Forskning på bruk av helsetjenester har ikke vært høyt prioritert i Norge. Kunnskap om forbruksmønstre i ulike befolkningsgrupper er derfor begrenset. I tre separate studier ønsket vi å estimere forbruket av sju ulike helsetjenester, utforske forbruket av helsetjenester i ulike sosioøkonomiske grupper, samt teste assosiasjonen mellom kontinuitet i fastlegerelasjonen og bruk av spesialisthelsetjenester. ... -
Postoperative insulin resistance and the metabolic and cellular responses to single-dose preoperative oral carbohydrate supplementation – Experimental studies in pigs
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-06-17)Gjennom en serie eksperimentelle studier på gris, inkludert etablering av en målemetode for utvikling av akutt insulinresistens, ble endringer i insulinsensitivitet og i lever- og skjelettmuskelceller undersøkt etter et stort kirurgisk inngrep. Resultatene viser at de cellulære endringene som ledsager utvikling av insulinresistens etter kirurgi har mange likhetstrekk med de endringer man ser ved ... -
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema and the nitric oxide pathway : experimental studies in sheep
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-11-07)Ventilator-induced lung injury after pneumonectomy, a life-threatening complication of excessive one-lung mechanical ventilation Lung edema after lung resection is associated with a mortality of 50–100% and no cure. In sheep we found that removal of one lung followed by excessive one-lung ventilation triggered a severe lung injury with lung edema. This is a novel model of acute lung injury (ALI) ... -
Potato consumption and risk of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort and the HELGA cohort.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-10-14)Summary The present work includes participants from two cohorts: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study (paper 1 and 2) and the HELGA study (paper 3). The NOWAC Study is a population-based prospective cohort study that started data collection in 1991, and consists of more than 172,000 women. The HELGA study is a population-based Scandinavian cohort, consisting of 119,978 men and women from: ... -
Practical health co-operation – a cluster randomised study. The impact of referral templates on quality of care and health care co-operation between primary and secondary care
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-12-17)The referral represents the handing over of care from the general practitioner to the hospital specialist. In this PhD project a study was performed to assess whether an improved referral could lead to improved quality of care. A cluster randomised trial with the general practitioner surgery as the clustering unit was performed. Fourteen surgeries in the area surrounding the University Hospital ... -
Predicting rupture of intracranial aneurysms: morphological and hemodynamic parameters.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-04-27)BACKGROUND: Because of extended use of cerebral imaging, unruptured intracranial aneurysms are increasingly discovered as incidental findings. Management of unruptured aneurysms is controversial because patients and clinicians must weigh the risks of prophylactic endovascular or surgical treatment against the uncertain risk of rupture. We aimed to investigate the use of hemodynamic and morphological ... -
Prediction of outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-06-17)Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has until the last decade been the standard treatment for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, many patients were not offered surgical treatment due to high age or unacceptable surgical risk estimated by surgical risk scores. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a less invasive treatment modality where the valve is implanted using a ... -
Prediction of progression of ultrasound assessed carotid artery athersclerosis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-03-11)Atherosclerosis is an important underlying cause of cardiovascular disease and death. According to the World Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease Study, ischemic heart disease and stroke combined killed 12.9 million people in 2010, or one in four deaths worldwide. Ultrasound of the carotid arteries can be used to assess the burden of atherosclerosis by measurements of intima-media thickness ... -
Prediction of unfavorable outcome in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and assessment of the long-term outcomes in JIA-associated uveitis – A prospective Nordic multicenter study of JIA from childhood to adulthood
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-05-21)Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic childhood disease with joint inflammation as the main feature. The course and outcomes are heterogeneous with a large span in disease severity. There is increasing evidence that early aggressive treatment may modify the disease course in JIA. Precise determination of disease prognosis is therefore sought to guide early decisions on which children need ... -
Predictors and determinants for recovery and survival after upper abdominal surgery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-10-21)Background: Patients with colorectal malignancies have benefited from major improvements in surgical technique and perioperative care during the last decades. These improvements have contributed to fast recovery and high survival rates. In contrast, patients with upper abdominal malignant disease often experience delayed recovery and long-standing functional impairment. Postoperative complications ... -
Prenatal exposure to DDT and other selected environmental contaminants and their predictors in malaria and non-malaria areas in coastal KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-02-20)Prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants is of major concern, as foetal development is one of the most sensitive life stages for endogenous and exogenous insults. Permeability of the placenta allows not only for environmental contaminants, but also contaminants released from maternal body stores during pregnancy, to be transferred to the foetus. Most of the exposure assessments in pregnant women ... -
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus among Sami and non-Sami inhabitants of Northern Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-05-07)The thesis is based upon data from two cross-sectional population-based surveys, the SAMINOR 1 Survey (2003-2004) and the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey (2012-2014). The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus among Sami and non-Sami inhabitants of the 24 municipalities from North- and Mid-Norway was estimated in the SAMINOR 1 Survey. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ...