Browsing by Author
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Cabana, Álvaro; Valle-Lisboa, Juan C.; Elvevåg, Brita; Mizraji, Eduardo (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Abstract Several psychiatric and neurological conditions affect the semantic organization and content of a patient's speech. Specifically, the discourse of patients with schizophrenia is frequently characterized as lacking coherence. The evaluation of disturbances in discourse is often used in diagnosis and in assessing treatment efficacy, and is an important factor in prognosis. Measuring these deviations, such as “loss of meaning” and incoherence, is difficult and requires substantial human effort. Computational procedures can be employed to characterize the nature of the anomalies in discourse. We present a set of new tools derived from network theory and information science that may assist in empirical and clinical studies of communication patterns in patients, and provide the foundation for future automatic procedures. First we review information science and complex network approaches to measuring semantic coherence, and then we introduce a representation of discourse that allows for the computation of measures of disorganization. Finally we apply these tools to speech transcriptions from patients and a healthy participant, illustrating the implications and potential of this novel framework. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4094 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (659.7Kb) -
Caboux, Elodie; Lallemand, Christophe; Ferro, Gilles; Hemon, Bertrand; Mendy, Maimuna; Biessy, Carine; Sims, Matt; Wareham, Nicholas; Britten, Abigail; Boland, Anne; Hutchinson, Amy; Siddiq, Afshan; Vineis, Paolo; Riboli, Elio; Romieu, Isabelle; Rinaldi, Sabina; Gunter, Mark J.; Peeters, Petra H.M.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Travis, Ruth C.; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Canzian, Federico; Sanchez, Maria-José; Skeie, Guri; Olsen, Karina Standahl; Lund, Eiliv; Bilbao, Roberto; Sala, Núria; Barricarte, Aurelio; Palli, Domenico; Navarro, Carmen; Panico, Salvatore; Redondo, Maria Luisa; Polidoro, Silvia; Dossus, Laure; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Lagiou, Pagona; Boeing, Heiner; Fisher, Eva; Tumino, Rosario; Agnoli, Claudia; Hainaut, Pierre (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) is a long-term, multi-centric prospective study in Europe investigating the relationships between cancer and nutrition. This study has served as a basis for a number of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and other types of genetic analyses. Over a period of 5 years, 52,256 EPIC DNA samples have been extracted using an automated DNA extraction platform. Here we have evaluated the pre-analytical factors affecting DNA yield, including anthropometric, epidemiological and technical factors such as center of subject recruitment, age, gender, body-mass index, disease case or control status, tobacco consumption, number of aliquots of buffy coat used for DNA extraction, extraction machine or procedure, DNA quantification method, degree of haemolysis and variations in the timing of sample processing. We show that the largest significant variations in DNA yield were observed with degree of haemolysis and with center of subject recruitment. Age, gender, body-mass index, cancer case or control status and tobacco consumption also significantly impacted DNA yield. Feedback from laboratories which have analyzed DNA with different SNP genotyping technologies demonstrate that the vast majority of samples (approximately 88%) performed adequately in different types of assays. To our knowledge this study is the largest to date to evaluate the sources of pre-analytical variations in DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes. The results provide a strong evidence-based rationale for standardized recommendations on blood collection and processing protocols for large-scale genetic studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5016 File(s) in this item: 1
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Caglar-Ryeng, Ömür (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 25-Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the morphological and phonological awareness skills of a group of Norwegian high school students with dyslexia, and (b) to examine the relationship of these two linguistic abilities to students’ reading comprehension skills. To this end, we compared the performance of a dyslexic sample to that of a chronological-age matched control group on three language and literacy tests: A morphological awareness test consisting of two subtests on derivational suffixes (the real-word and the pseudoword tests), a phonological awareness test based on phoneme and syllable deletion, and a reading comprehension test comprised of nine texts followed by multiple-choice questions. Results revealed that the dyslexia group in general did considerably worse than the control group on all the tasks administered in the study. However, results also indicated that, compared to controls, dyslexic participants exhibited a much larger within-group variation in terms of their accuracy on the tests. As for the relationships between reading comprehension performance and morphological awareness vs. phonological awareness skills, the present results suggested that reading comprehension skills were more closely related with morphological awareness than with phonological awareness in both the dyslexic and the control group. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2775 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (775.9Kb) -
Caha, Pavel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Caha, Pavel (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 02-Oct-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: This dissertation proposes a new approach to case. It unifies its syntax, morphology and semantics in a simple, fine-grained and restrictive picture. One of the assumptions frequently made in works on case is that cases such as nominative and accusative are not primitive entities, but they are each composed of various features. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that these features are universal, and each of them is its own terminal node in the syntactic tree. Individual cases thus correspond to phrasal constituents built out of these terminals. The idea that syntactic trees are built by Merge from individual atomic features is one of the core principles of a cartographic approach to syntax pursued by M. Starke: Nanosyntax. Hence “The nanosyntax of case.” I motivate the approach on the material of case syncretism. I propose a hypothesis according to which case syncretism across various languages obeys a single restrictive template. The template corresponds to a cross-linguistically fixed sequence of cases, in which only adjacent cases show syncretism. In order to derive this, I argue that case features are syntactic heads, ordered in a universal functional sequence. If this is so, it follows that these sub-morphemic features interact with core syntactic processes, such as movement. The prediction is borne out: the interaction of (phrasal) movement and the fine-grained syntactic representation derives a typological generalization concerning cross-linguistic variation in the amount of case marking (Blake’s hierarchy). Additional facts fall out from the picture: the role of functional prepositions, prepositional syncretism, case compounding, and preposition stacking. I further investigate in detail the spell out of these highly articulate structures. I follow Starke (2005) and propose that individual morphemes spell out phrasal constituents of varying size, and that their insertion is governed by the Superset Principle. I argue that phrasal spell out is both empirically required, and theoretically beneficial: it simplifies the overall architecture of grammar. In particular, there is no part left to play for a separate morphological structure. With the proposal in place, I observe that there are generalizations which connect the proposed representation and the DP external syntax. To account for this, I adopt the Peeling theory of movement (Starke 2005). The theory says that arguments are base-generated with a number of case projections on top of them, and they strand these projections when they move up in the tree. The theory is shown to capture the initial observations, as well as additional generalizations: Burzio’s generalization among them. The resulting theory does not introduce any domain specific tools to account for case: its representation corresponds to a binary syntactic structure, its computation corresponds to syntactic movement. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2203 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.177Mb) -
Lund, Eiliv; Canzian, Federico; Kaaks, Rudolf; Cox, David G.; Henderson, Katherine D.; Henderson, Brian E.; Berg, Christine; Bingham, Sheila; Boeing, Heiner; Buring, Julie; Calle, Eugenia E.; Chanock, Stephen; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise; Dossus, Laure; Feigelson, Heather Spencer; Haiman, Christopher A.; Hankinson, Susan E.; Hoover, Robert; Hunter, David J.; Isaacs, Claudine; Lenner, Per; Overvad, Kim; Palli, Domenico; Pearce, Celeste Leigh; Quiros, Jose R.; Riboli, Elio; Stram, Daniel O.; Thomas, Gilles; Thun, Michael J.; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; van Gils, Carla H.; Ziegler, Regina G. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 29-Jul-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH1) triggers the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary. Genetic variants in the gene encoding GNRH1 or its receptor may influence breast cancer risk by modulating production of ovarian steroid hormones. We studied the association between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in genes that code for GNRH1 and its receptor (GNRHR) in the large National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (NCI-BPC3).
Methods: We sequenced exons of GNRH1 and GNRHR in 95 invasive breast cancer cases. Resulting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and used to identify haplotypetagging SNPs (htSNPS) in a panel of 349 healthy women. The htSNPs were genotyped in 5,603 invasive breast cancer cases and 7,480 controls from the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II), European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and Women's Health Study (WHS). Circulating levels of sex steroids (androstenedione, estradiol, estrone and testosterone) were also measured in 4713 study subjects.
Results: Breast cancer risk was not associated with any polymorphism or haplotype in the GNRH1 and GNRHR genes, nor were there any statistically significant interactions with known breast cancer risk factors. Polymorphisms in these two genes were not strongly associated with circulating hormone levels.
Conclusion: Common variants of the GNRH1 and GNRHR genes are not associated with risk of invasive breast cancer in Caucasians.URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2188 File(s) in this item: 1
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Can, Vo Van (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)[+][-]
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the characteristics of domestic tourists and attributes of travel modes influence the tourists’ modal choice to Nha Trang, Viet Nam by applying the multinomial probit model. The analysis is based on primary data surveyed from tourists visiting Nha Trang in March, 2011. A total of 402 valid samples were used from 554 initial samples. The study provides several important findings concerning tourists’ modal choice. Travel time per kilometer, per-kilometer travel cost to income ratio, mode quality variables, and income are key elements in explaining the tourists’ modal choice decision. In addition, tourists with a lower income tend to be more sensitive to change in per-kilometer cost. Furthermore, the high-income tourists are much more likely to choose plane or train rather than coach. Understanding the tourists’ modal choice behavior may help tourism transport companies to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Description: This article is part of Vo Van Can's doctoral thesis, available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5203 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5213 File(s) in this item: 1
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Can, Vo Van (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 24-May-2013)[+][-]
Abstract: This dissertation has three simultaneous purposes: (1) to investigate the effects of both economic and non-economic factors on the domestic tourist flow to Khanh Hoa province in the long term and the short term; (2) to examine how the characteristics of domestic tourists and the attributes of travel modes influence tourists’ choice of travel mode to Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa; and (3) to investigate how satisfaction and switching barriers influence destination loyalty. To achieve the first purpose, the dissertation has used the general-to-specific approach; for the second purpose, the multinomial probit model has been applied, and structural equation modelling has been used to accomplish the third purpose. For the first purpose, the findings reveal that weather variables have a significant effect on the tourism demand in both the short term and the long term. Furthermore, a positive effect from the lagged dependent variable suggests that word-of-mouth recommendation to potential tourists has good effects for the Khanh Hoa tourism industry. Also, the demand from Vietnamese tourists seems to be highly sensitive to tourism costs. Meanwhile, in the study on travel mode choice, travel time and cost, mode quality, and income are key elements in explaining the tourists’ behaviour. Tourists with a lower income tend to be more sensitive to change in the per-kilometre cost; high-income tourists are much more likely to choose a plane or train rather than a coach. Finally, in the study on tourists’ loyalty behaviour, the findings indicate that both satisfaction and switching barriers have significant effects on this behaviour. Of the multi-components of switching barriers, interpersonal relationships and switching costs have positive impacts, while lack of attractiveness of other destinations has a negative effect on destination loyalty. Furthermore, all three dimensions of tourist satisfaction and overall satisfaction have positive effects on destination loyalty. Description: Papers 1 and 3 of this thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Vo Van Can: 'Effects of economic and non-economic factors on domestic tourism demand – A general-to-specific approach' (manuscript).
3. Vo Van Can: 'Destination loyalty as a consequence of satisfaction and switching barriers' (manuscript).URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5203 File(s) in this item: 2
paper_2.pdf (198.6Kb)thesis.pdf (598.8Kb) -
Cao, Thi Hong Nga (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 17-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Since the 1990s, Vietnam’s government has made great efforts to develop the offshore fisheries development program. Study on the economic efficiency of the offshore long-line fishery is needed to evaluate and improve the program’s effectiveness. This thesis presents findings based on survey data collected through a representative sample of 37 registered offshore vessels operating in the Vietnam’s Exclusive Economic Zone and in the international waters. The empirical results show that excluding the government fuel subsidy, the owner of an average long-liner earns a profit of 63.363 million VND - equivalent to profit margin of 7.5% and return on investment of 16.0%. With subsidies, profits increased to 93.111 million VND and the two corresponding economic ratios also went up to 10.6% and 23.5%, respectively. This paper also discovered that the fishery in 2008 was less economically efficient than in 2004. However, the average monthly crew share is 1.8 million VND, higher than the average income per labor working in the gill net fishery in Khanh Hoa Province. A closer inspection of the economic data reveals that direct subsidy to compensate partly for fuel costs increase affected the overall fishery. Furthermore, this study provides evidence to support why an average longliner is still able to generate profits in the open access regime if vessels can capture more cost efficiency while the average revenue of relative standardised effort for all vessels is the same. Finally, this study also demonstrates, the surprising result, that the vessel group with the biggest engines, larger than 150 hp, are least cost efficient, whereas the vessels with the smallest engines, less than 90 HP, are most cost efficient and have the highest return on investment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2520 File(s) in this item: 1
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Capar, Can (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Oct-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Although the chemistry of corroles has grown spectacularly in recent years, the field has been marred by the lack of convenient protocols for demetalation of metallocorroles. In this thesis, I have developed a superior procedure for demetalating copper corroles with concentrated H2SO4 and 5-200 equiv FeCl2 or SnCl2. The yields obtained with this reductive procedure are generally substantially better than with HCl3/H2SO4, CH2Cl2/H2SO4, or H2SO4 alone. With an oxidation-prone metallocorrole such as Cu[T(p-OMeP)C], the reductive protocol was essential for obtaining any measurable yield of the free base at all. Free-base β-octabromo-mesotriarylcorroles were also obtained in pure form, in good yields, and with relative ease via this procedure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3809 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.468Mb) -
Kvinners karriereutvikling : har tiltak som karriereutviklingsprogram, mentor og nettverk betydning?Carlyle, Cathrin; Kristiansen, Philippa (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 20-Nov-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Temaet for denne oppgaven er å se nærmere på karriereutviklingen til kvinnelige topp- og mellomledere. Årlig brukes det store summer på tiltak for å fremme kvinners karriereutvikling. Det startes organiserte karriereutviklingsprogram og arbeidsgivere tilrettelegger for en rekke tiltak som skal være med på å få frem flere kvinnelige toppledere. Selv om disse tiltakene har vært i bruk i en årrekke er det fremdeles få kvinnelige toppledere i Norge. Det er gjennomført studier internasjonalt som har sett på hvilke barrierer som hindrer kvinners karriereutvikling, men disse er ikke nødvendigvis direkte overførbare til det norske samfunnet. Fokuset har de siste årene dreid fra å handle om barrierer i samfunnet og organisasjoner som hindrer kvinners karriereutvikling, til å handle om hvilke tiltak som kan iverksettes for å fremme karriereutvikling. For å nå toppstillinger er det avgjørende at kvinnelige ledere får riktig type erfaring på mellomledernivå. Kvinner kan være i lederstillinger i organisasjoner, men ikke sitte i riktig jobb for forfremmelse. Teorien vi har sett på i denne oppgaven viser at karriereutviklingsprogram ikke nødvendigvis har noen betydning for kvinners karriereutvikling. Studier fra tidlig i 2000 viser at mentor og nettverk er avgjørende for kvinners karriereutvikling. Det viser seg at nettverk har særlig stor betydning for rekruttering og for kvinners muligheter til å få nye stillinger på tvers av bransjer. Nyere studier viser at mentoring ikke har like stor innflytelse som tidligere antatt fordi mentor bidrar til personlig utvikling, men ikke nødvendigvis karriereavansement, til det trenger man en sponsor. Vi vil se nærmere på betydningen av karriereutviklingsprogram, mentoring og nettverk for kvinners karriereutvikling. Det er et fremtredende trekk ved forskning på karriereutvikling at man gjerne gjentar undersøkelser med noen års mellomrom for nettopp å kunne måle utviklingen, eller effekten. Et kausalt design ville passet best for å måle effekten av tiltakene vi skal se på, men på grunn av begrensninger i ressurser, tid og omfanget av oppgaven vil det i praksis vanskelig la seg gjøre. Vi velger derfor å bruke et deskriptivt design slik at vi kan sammenligne våre variabler og innhente data gjennom et spørreskjema. Funnene i vår undersøkelse viser at karriereutviklingstiltakene mentor og nettverk har stor betydning for kvinners karriereutvikling, mens karriereutviklingsprogram ikke har det. Den praktiske implikasjonen kan være at man bør bruke mindre ressurser på dette tiltaket og heller støtte opp under de tiltakene som viser seg å ha effekt. Vi ser i vår undersøkelse en tendens til at de kvinnene som har eller har hatt mentor, har blitt rekruttert videre gjennom denne relasjonen. Det kan bety at mentors rolle har endret seg mer i retning til å bli sponsor. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4136 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.415Mb) -
Carstens, Bodil Børte (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 20-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Iron homeostasis is regulated by the interaction between the hormone hepcidin and the iron exporter ferroportin. Hepcidin is a cysteine-rich peptide which is secreted by hepatocytes in response to inflammation, eryhropoietic demand and iron stores. Hepcidin binds to its receptor ferroportin, inducing its internalisation and degradation, thus regulating the export of iron from cells to plasma. One of the aims of this study was to determine the three-dimensional (3D) structure of hepcidin using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure calculated consisted of a β-sheet with a hairpin loop showing a flexible N-terminus. The overall aim of this study was to analyse the interaction between hepcidin and ferroportin. Recently, mutational analysis revealed that hepcidin binds to a 20 residue extracellular loop on ferroportin, called the hepcidin-binding domain (HBD). Techniques including NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy were used. The results from all the assays performed indicate, however, that hepcidin does not bind to the HBD peptide. Three hepcidin analogues was synthesised to elucidate which residues in hepcidin that are important for the binding to ferroportin. The N-terminus of hepcidin is essential for binding to hepcidin and serial deletion of the N-terminal amino acids showed to cause progressive loss of activity when all five residues were deleted. Gly 20 was shown to have a key role in the interaction between hepcidin and ferroportin. This is the first mutation outside the N-terminus region that has activity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2178 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.391Mb) -
Castor, Laura (Journal article, 2004)[+][-]
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Castor, Laura (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
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Castor, Laura (Journal article, 2005)[+][-]
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Castrejon Cardenas, Carmen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 20-Nov-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: We hear and read about it every day on the news, on TV, radio and newspapers; human activity is having a huge damaging impact on the environment both physically and socially. Physically, we are witnessing a rapid climate change, eroded lands, pollution, increase population, disappearance of species, etc. In the social aspect, with a culture based on constant growth of markets and with a world which is more and more interconnected we are creating a vast disparity between people, the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. This causes inequality, hunger, social injustice, poverty and thus creates the potential for horrifying human catastrophes and wars. In order to avoid this we must rethink our values and change our consumerist patterns of living. This is what Las Nubes is about, a group of people who have decided to do something about this. They have been brought together by a desire to protect nature and live in a more socially just society. My project, a case study of a group of people in Mexico, from different backgrounds about to negotiate the construction of common identity based on a concern of environmental issues. This study deals with the complexity of constructing a life in more equilibrium with nature, where a sense of community is important and with an ecological and socially oriented economy. This seems to be particularly difficult to achieve when modern day society is characterized by total opposite living standards. It takes a great deal of courage, knowledge and resources to create a ‘simple’ life. Description: The thesis is accompanied by a film, which is not available in Munin URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1360 File(s) in this item: 1
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Cavanagh, Jorunn Pauline (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 25-Jan-2013)[+][-]
Abstract: The coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were earlier regarded as innocuous inhabitants of the human normal skin flora, but are now emerging as opportunistic pathogens. In addition to their biofilm producing ability CoNS are frequently multi-resistant, and a high prevalence of methicillin resistant CoNS is found. Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging cause of nosocomial infections, primarily associated with catheter related infections in immunocompromised patients, e.g. patients with haematological disease and premature infants. Molecular identification of bacterial lineages, more prone to causing disease is important in understanding the establishment and transfer of bacterial infectious epidemiology. The tracking of bacterial isolates belonging to a defined clone allows implementation of preventive measures, such as patient isolation and bacterial sanification. In this study two methods; Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Multi Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Fingerprinting (MLVF) enabling molecular tracing of S. haemolyticus were established. However the application of MLST and MLVF did not provide a satisfactory discriminatory power. Whole genome sequencing of a global collection of 134 S. haemolyticus isolates was used for investigating their phylogenetic relationship, and the evolution of antibiotic resistance in the population. Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of a clonal expansion of hospital-adapted isolates of S. haemolyticus in European hospitals. Resistance towards several classes of antimicrobial agents underlines the importance of this opportunistic pathogen in the accumulation and spread of resistance genes to the common staphylococcal gene pool. Biofilm formation protects against several external factors such as antimicrobial agents, desiccation, shear stress and the host immune system. Biofilm forming Staphylococcus epidermidis is a prevalent cause of peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis. Due to their biofilm forming ability they often cause persisting infections. Newly developed synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetics (SAMPs) are promising as new drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Due to resistance towards many conventional antibiotics the antimicrobial potential of SAMPs were investigated. Our studies showed that Ltx SAMPs were clearly more effective in reducing metabolic activity in staphylococcal biofilms at low concentrations compared to antibiotics in vitro. We further aimed to compare the efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetics (Ltx 21) versus vancomycin in a murine model mimicking a device-related peritonitis. Treatment with vancomycin or Ltx 21 in vivo was not sufficient to achieve complete bacterial clearance on implants, underlining the difficulties of treating such infections. The low-grade infection may attenuate the inflammatory response and contribute to impaired bacterial clearance. Description: Papers 1, 2 and 4 of this thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Cavanagh JP, Klingenberg C, Hanssen AM, Fredheim EA, Francois P, Schrenzel J, Flægstad T & Sollid JE.: 'Core genome conservation of Staphylococcus haemolyticus limits sequence based population structure analyses', Journal of Microbiological Methods (2012), vol. 89 (3):59–166. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2012.03.014
2. Cavanagh JP, Hjerde E, Holden M, Klingenberg C, Flægstad T & Sollid JE.: 'Whole genome sequencing reveals clonal expansion of multi-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in European hospitals' (manuscript).
4. Cavanagh JP, Granslo HN, Fredheim EA, Christophersen L, Jensen PØ, Thomsen K, Bjarnsholt T, van Gennip M, Klingenberg C, Høiby N, Svendsen JS, Stensen W, Flægstad T & Moser C.: 'Efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide versus vancomycin in a Staphylococcus epidermidis device related murine peritonitis model' Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2013), Online before print. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt161URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5062 File(s) in this item: 2
paper_3.pdf (814.1Kb)thesis.pdf (1.239Mb) -
Cavanagh, Jorunn Pauline; Klingenberg, Claus Andreas; Hanssen, Anne-Merethe; Aarag, Elizabeth; Francois, Patrice; Schrenzel, Jaques; Flægstad, Trond; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The notoriously multi-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging pathogen causing serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Defining the population structure is important to detect outbreaks and spread of antimicrobial resistant clones. Currently, the standard typing technique is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this study we describe novel molecular typing schemes for S. haemolyticus using multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis. Seven housekeeping genes (MLST) and five VNTR loci (MLVF) were selected for the novel typing schemes. A panel of 45 human and veterinary S. haemolyticus isolates was investigated. The collection had diverse PFGE patterns (38 PFGE types) and was sampled over a 20 year-period from eight countries. MLST resolved 17 sequence types (Simpsons index of diversity [SID] = 0.877) and MLVF resolved 14 repeat types (SID = 0.831). We found a low sequence diversity. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates in three (MLST) and one (MLVF) clonal complexes, respectively. Taken together, neither the MLST nor the MLVF scheme was suitable to resolve the population structure of this S. haemolyticus collection. Future MLVF and MLST schemes will benefit from addition of more variable core genome sequences identified by comparing different fully sequenced S. haemolyticus genomes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4354 File(s) in this item: 1
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Cárdenas, Rosa Inquiltupa (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Dec-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: In this thesis I discuss and show how the unequal distribution of water rights results in a deprivation of economic, social, and cultural prospects for the indigenous peoples in Chinchero. I attempt to illustrate that Peruvian water legislation does not belong to the same context as the indigenous people’s cultural perception. Firstly, the Peruvian legal context based on the national Constitution and its framework of laws does not work in a traditional culture background due to the ineffectiveness of water ownership in the indigenous territories. Secondly, the Ayllu is considered the indigenous’ unit institution as far as water management is concerned, and, thus, it shapes the cornerstone of a legal system that has been a model in an ancient Inca social structure or “collective community system of ownership”. It also demonstrates that indigenous people have practiced their own rules, characteristics and principles with regard to water. As an extension, a strong argument may be made based on the “Ayni” principle, which connects humans and water. How could the ILO Convention No. 169 warrant the rights to water for indigenous population in Chinchero? The answer to this question lies in articles 14 (land ownership) and 15 (natural resources ownership) of ILO Convention 169. It may also be explained in “Water Law and Indigenous Rights” (WALIR in regard to water self-determination). The above-mentioned international legal framework may be use as a local tool in terms of defending indigenous rights. However, this is the case only when those claiming these rights are aware of them, otherwise they become useless. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1337 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (17.29Mb) -
Ceïde, Edwin Luc (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Aug-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper focuses on assessing the role of the United Nations Stabilization Mission (MINUSTAH) in providing stability, security and respect for human rights and the rule of law in Haiti. The proposition is that the efforts have been ineffective and goes on to ask the question whether such an outsider-initiative intervention really advances political order and stability. The study also attempts to illustrate Haitian society’s perception of the peace keeping operations in Haiti thus far. The goal of this study is to illustrate how MINUSTAH may achieve a better success rate for its peace keeping operations with an increased understanding of Haiti’s specific culture and history, especially Haiti’s previous interaction with the international community and colonial history. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1868 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (4.981Mb)
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