Browsing by Author
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Iden, Sandra Milena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 17-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Denne oppgaven tar for seg frivillighet og integrasjon. Oppgaven retter søkelyset frivillige organisasjoners tiltak for å innlemme innvandrere i det norske samfunnet, mer spesifikt Tromsø. studiet tar opp faktorer som hemmer og fremme et mer gjensidig og likeverdig forhold mellom ”frivillige” og ”brukere” i organisasjoners aktiviteter. Lokale prosesser for innlemmelse i Tromsø er også influert av nasjonale debatter om integrasjon og norskhet, et faktum som også regulere samhandlingen mellom majoritet .og minoritet befolkningen i Tromsø. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3466 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (873.0Kb) -
Igeltjørn, Lise (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 17-Nov-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Jeg har karakterisert kliniske E. coli isolater, med nedsatt følsomhet for cefalosporiner, på nukleotid og amino syre nivå. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2375 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.881Mb) -
Igesund, Harald (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: The introduction of the standardized nursing languages NANDA and NIC to write electronic care plans is hard for nurses, as reported by several projects. Both the need to relate to a new software tool and to the totally unknown domains of the standardized languages contributes to this. With an existing tool for care plan writing as basis, we have used the unified process to develop an improved tool, in order to make the introduction smother. Care has been taken to make the interface and workflow as intuitive as possible, allowing novice computer users to use the tool. An automatic presentation of the information in the languages is implemented, to further meet the needs of unskilled users. To ease navigation in the classifications of the standardized languages, a three level harmonized classification for the two languages was chosen. The two uppermost levels of the classification are presented in one screen, resulting in an efficient browsing for NANDA diagnoses and NIC interventions. To make it possible for users unacquainted with the language to find NANDA diagnoses, a search facility was developed. An information retrieval method was implemented, making it possible to search for diagnoses on the basis of signs and symptoms. The query interface was deliberately made as simple as possible; one or more keywords are entered, and a list of diagnoses is returned ranked according to relevance to the keywords. The search facility also helps in the process of exploring and learning the classification hierarchy. Usability tests shows improvement both in ease of use and support for exploring the standardized languages for the new system compared with the original. Description: Inneholder programvare og video som zip-fil URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1093 File(s) in this item: 2
ekstra.zip (16.92Mb)thesis.pdf (4.932Mb) -
Igiriogu, Francis Anayochukwu Chinemerem (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: This study promotes ‘functional concept of jurisdiction’ by examining the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights, how the court exercises its authority when violation takes place outside the territory of the violating State. This is done with the aid of doctrinal analysis, by relying on international law, case laws, legal principles and concepts and the writings of scholars as its material basis. The aim is to make the case laws of the European Court of Human Rights much clearer and hence minimize the frustration occasioned by the inconsistency of its case laws in the national courts of the Council of Europe members. Reflection into the basic human rights jurisdictional clauses shows that there is a lacuna in the jurisdictional clause of the European Convention on Human Rights in Article 1 which requires the State parties to secure to everyone ‘within their jurisdiction’ the rights in the convention. This provision is anachronistic since it encourages territorial focus in this age of globalization. It is time to revise this provision so that it will be in tune with the contemporary jurisdictional clause that requires States to secure the convention rights to everyone ‘subject to their jurisdiction’ broadly speaking as found in more recent human rights treaties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5108 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (234.0Kb) -
Ihlebæk, Hanne Marie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Gammaherpesvirus causes the disease, malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), in wild and domestic ruminants worldwide. In Norway MCF occurs sporadically in wild and domestic ruminants. The present study examined the extent that semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Finnmark, Norway, are exposed to gammaherpesvirus. A serological screening was performed to determine the prevalence of gammaherpesvirus antibodies on slaughtered reindeer in Finnmark. The overall seroprevalence was 3.5% (n=3339). The effect of geography, animal density, age, gender and carcass weight on the risk of exposure to gammaherpesvirus (i.e. seropositive) was assessed using a logistic regression model.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, both a specific OvHV2 protocol, targeting the FGAM synthase in ORF 73, and a consensus PCR to detect a wider range of gammaherpesviruses, targeting the polymerase gene. Amplified products from both PCR methods were sequenced. Results from the OvHV2 PCR showed 35% homology (48 nucleotides) to OvHV2, however the match did not correlate to the expected sequence location between the second set primers (555/556). Alignment of sequences obtained from the consensus PCR to other known gammaherpesviruses in GenBank, showed greater but still restricted homology. This suggests that reindeer in Finnmark may be infected by an unknown gammaherpesvirus. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2615 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.259Mb) -
Iitembu, Johannes Angala (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 30-May-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: This multidisciplinary analysis of Namibia marine aquaculture developments has found it to have a good potential. Existing Namibian aquaculture laws are comprehensive in nature controlling aspects such as water, land, public health, sanitation and disease, however they ignore fish welfare. Mean temperature of Namibian marine coastal waters in the150 m water depth strata has averaged at 14.07 oC for the last eleven years (1993-2003). The marine waters in the central area of Namibian coastline are colder than the waters both northward and southward. Temperature decreased with water depth at a gradient of about 0.1oC/m in the 100 m water depth strata. Mean salinity averaged at 34.89‰ with low variation in the 100 m water depth column. Species which are considered for aquaculture are ranked on the scale of one to ten according to their respective potentials based on both environmental and economic issues: Oysters (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis) are ranked at 9/10, Abalone (Haliotis midae) 8/10, Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) 8/10, Rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) 7/10, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 6/10, Hake (Merluccius capensis) with 5/10 and Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) 3/10. Despite the fact that most of the species considered can live within temperature and salinity ranges of Namibian marine coastal waters at different latitudes and depths, their respective farming successes can be enhanced by research to investigate specie-specific conditions that promote their yields. Economically farming of shellfish has better potential than finfish due its low production costs which is partly a result of adjacent nutrient rich Benguela ecosystem and promising investment returns as a result increasing shellfish product demands and prices. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/311 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.200Mb) -
Ikdahl, Åsmund Haavik; Ellingsen, Stig Aanerød; Åkre, Yngve (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Abstract: Objective: The aim was to describe the different bone enhancing techniques for improving the alveolar bone and gingival characteristics prior to implant placement Material and methods: A MEDLINE and PubMed English language peer-reviewed literature search was conducted. Hand searches of the reference lists in some selected articles were also conducted. The literature search was sorted into five different topics; autogenous bone graft, guided tissue regeneration, orthodontic extrusion, and distraction osteogenesis. Results: Forty-seven articles were considered for the review. All, except one, of the selected articles were case reports or case series describing the bone-modifying techniques. Significant improvements in alveolar bone were reported in all cases, resulting in satisfying implant sites. Conclusions: For all five techniques presented there is a need for more research and more precise procedure protocols. Key words: Implant site development, anterior maxilla, autogenous bone graft, guided tissue regeneration, decoronation, orthodontic extrusion, distraction osteogenesis URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4250 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.686Mb) -
Illian, Janine; Sørbye, Sigrunn Holbek; Rue, Håvard (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper develops methodology that provides a toolbox for routinely fitting complex models to realistic spatial point pattern data. We consider models that are based on log-Gaussian Cox processes and include local interaction in these by considering constructed covariates. This enables us to use integrated nested Laplace approximation and to considerably speed up the inferential task. In addition, methods for model comparison and model assessment facilitate the modelling process. The performance of the approach is assessed in a simulation study. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, models are fitted to two rather different examples, a large rainforest data set with covariates and a point pattern with multiple marks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4945 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (1.366Mb) -
Ims, Rolf Anker; Henden, John-André (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Rapid, but contrasting, changes in the extent of erect thicket-forming shrubs is presently seen in the Arctic, either resulting from a warmer climate (increasing extent) or intensified herbivory (decreasing extent). We investigated the impact of loss of willow shrubs on a bird community in arctic riparian sediment plains in northern Norway subject to varying intensities of reindeer browsing. In riparian habitats where willow thickets had been lost, bird species richness was more than halved compared to habitats where some patches of thickets were still present. As could be expected species previously suggested to use erect woody vegetation as nesting places and/or foraging habitats were most consistently impacted. However, even some open ground habitat specialists appeared to be negatively impacted, possibly due to loss of spatial spill-over effects of insects from willow thickets. To preserve low-arctic avian biodiversity in a warming climate, management should strive to identify levels of ungulate browsing that strike the balance between shrub-encroached and shrub-denuded arctic tundra URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4821 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (693.4Kb) -
Skog, E.; Ims, Rolf Anker; Killengreen, Siw Turid; Scheie, J. O.; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Mørk, T.; Henden, John-André; Langeland, K.; Ravolainen, Virve (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2005)[+][-]
Description: Faglig årsrapport for 2005 til DN. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2517 File(s) in this item: 1
report.pdf (950.2Kb) -
Langeland, K.; Ims, Rolf Anker; Skog, E.; Killengreen, Siw Turid; Scheie, J.O.; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Bråthen, Kari Anne (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2004)[+][-]
Description: Faglig årsrapport for 2004 til DN. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2516 File(s) in this item: 1
report.pdf (856.4Kb) -
Ims, Rolf Anker; Knutsen, Kjartan; Mørk, T.; Killengreen, Siw Turid; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Sarre, Arne Petter; Ørjebu, Alfred; Henden, John-André (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2008)[+][-]
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Ims, Rolf Anker; Killengreen, Siw Turid; Henden, John-André; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007)[+][-]
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Mørk, Torill; Ims, Rolf Anker; Sarre, Arne Petter; Killengreen, Siw Turid; Jensvoll, Ingrid; Knutsen, Kjartan; Ørjebu, Alfred; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Henden, John-André (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2009)[+][-]
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Inami, Makoto (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 08-Apr-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Torskeoppdrett er en lovende industri i Norge, men problemer med blant annet bakteriesykdommer gjør at næringen fortsatt har problemer med å etablere seg. For å få kontroll med sykdomsproblemene i næringen, er grunnleggende kunnskap om hvordan torsken beskytter seg mot infeksjoner nødvendig. Hensikten med dette doktorgradsarbeidet har vært å studere forsvarssystemet hos torsk, med et spesielt fokus på immunologiske celler og vev i tarmen. Arbeid i avhandlingen viser at torskens tarm er inndelt forskjellig fra for eksempel laks, noe som kan ha betydning dersom en på et senere stadium ønsker å utvikle vaksiner som kan gis til torsken via fôret. De viktigste sykdommene som har rammet torsk de seneste årene er vibriose og francisellose. Vibriose kontrolleres delvis med vaksiner, mens for francisellose er det fortsatt ingen effektive tiltak. For å vite mer om hvordan torsken responderer mot disse sykdomsfremkallende bakteriene, er genuttrykket av cytokiner og antimikrobielle peptider studert i ulike organer fra torsk i løpet av et infeksjonsforløp. Særlig ble responsen i tarmvev viet oppmerksomhet, og også i disse studiene er det vist at tarmens oppbygging er noe annerledes enn en har sett hos andre fiskearter. Også antistoffresponsen i torsk mot bakterien som forårsaker francisellose ble undersøkt, og det kom fram at levende bakterier forårsaker en mye sterkere respons i torsk enn bakterier som var inaktivert før torsken ble eksponert for dem. Resultatene fra disse studiene har gitt nye og viktige svar på hvordan torskens forsvarssystem responderer mot bakterier, og vil kunne bidra i arbeidet med hvordan en bør utvikle en vaksiner mot sykdommen francisellose. I samarbeid med Veterinærinstituttet har en i tillegg studert sykdomsinduserte forandringer, såkalt patologiske forandringer, i vev fra torsk som er smittet med francisellose, og dette har større kunnskap om sykdomstegnene som observeres hos torsk smittet med francisellose. Funnene fra studiet viser at de granuloma-lignende betennelsesområdene som er karakteristisk for sykdommen er dominert av makrofag-lignende celler, pleomorfe celler og granulocytt-like celler. Description: Papers 1, 2 and 4 of the thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Makoto Inami, Jan H.W.M. Rombout, Viswanath Kiron and Merete Bjørgan Schrøder: 'Immune gene expression in the initial phase of Vibrio auguillarum infection in cod (Gadus morhua L.)' (manuscript)
2. Makoto Inami, Anja J. Taverne-Thiele, Merete Bjørgan Schrøder, Viswanath Kiron and Jan H.W.M. Rombout: 'Immunological differences in intestine and rectum of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)', Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2009) 26; 751-759. (Publisher's restriction). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.007
4. Makoto Inami, Sein Tore Solem, Trond Ø Jørgensen and Atle N Larsen: 'Characterization of an antiserum against Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) g-type lysozyme', Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2010) 29; 1106-1109 (Publisher's restriction). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.08.021URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3374 File(s) in this item: 3
paper_3.pdf (778.1Kb)paper_5.pdf (1.096Mb)thesis.pdf (1.272Mb) -
Inayat, Mahvish (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The inclusion of Universal Primary Education in the Millennium Development Goals; to ensure that by 2015, Education for All become a reality speaks volumes about the importance of education to development. Education permeates through a number of human rights, providing a basis for the education of human rights. For this reason, education is cited as a top priority in development policy. Pakistan is amongst a few countries which are struggling to achieve Universal Primary Education, and making Education for All a reality. The official literacy rate is estimated at 54%, however, independent sources place the literacy rate at 26% . Pakistan faces a number of challenges to raise literacy levels; primarily the lack of budgetary allocations. Numerous donor agencies have tried to support Pakistan’s endeavour to raise literacy levels. USAID features quite prominently in the list of donor agencies, which operates large scale education programmes. USAID funded the Education Sector Reform Assistance (ESRA) programme, in collaboration with Pakistan’s Ministry of Education, which was implemented in Sindh and Balochistan. The programme aimed to improve the access and quality of education in Pakistan. However, ESRA was not able to achieve its goal, as it brought no significant improvement to the access or quality of basic education imparted in Pakistan. This study explores factors which contribute to ESRA’s ineffectiveness. Primarily, the study argues for culturally conscious, and contextualised education reform interventions, which are inclusive of religious institutes/madrassas; an influential stakeholder in the Pakistani education system. The absence of madrassas did not only exclude an important stakeholder from the education reform process, but also alienated the populations growing demand for religious education. Taking the theory of cultural relativism into consideration, this study concludes that the inclusion of essential cultural and religious actors can make a consider difference in the outcomes of education reform interventions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5091 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (883.8Kb) -
Indrevær, Kjetil (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The tectonic contact between the Nakkedal Nappe Complex and the Tromsø Nappe crops out NE of Tromsdalstind, 5 km E of Tromsø, Norway. Petrological- and structural analysis of the contact have been undertaken in order to contribute to a better understanding of the tectonometamorphic history of the Uppermost Allochton in the Scandianavian Caledonides. Methods such as P-T pseudosection analysis, Computer-Integrated Polarization microscopy (CIP) and quartz grain size and -shape analysis have been combined with classic polarizing microscopy to obtain shear sense, P-T-conditions, flow stress and strain rate of deformation. A minimum P-T condition of a Scandian prograde metamorphism is obtained from a metapelite in the Tromsø Nappe at 0.9 GPa and 680°C. A widespread distribution of quartz deformation microstructures indicate that deformation was continuous and took place over a large span of temperatures during final retrograde conditions from more than 700°C to less than 400°C. Flow stress and strain rate during deformation are estimated to ~30 MPa and 10-11 s-1. Chessboard patterns in quartz are observed locally and c-axis orientation images and pole figures of a quartz vein within the Tromsø Nappe show prism [c]- and basal -slip indicative c-axis preferred orientions (CPOs) in completely recrystallized grains. Prism [c]- and basal -slip pole figures from the same microstructure have previously only been reported in large submagmatic quartz grains. The implications of the new findings for the current theories on the development of prism [c]-slip are discussed. A new unit within the Skattøra Migmatite Complex (SMC) is identified and evidence of retro-eclogites and partial melting in the Tromsø Nappe is presented. A switch in the direction of nappe translation during a late- to post-Scandian retrograde metamorphism from either SW or NE to SSE is identified in the Tromsø Nappe. The results are set into context with previous work in the area and it is concluded that the Tromsø Nappe was subjected to at least two major prograde metamorphic events followed by uplift, partial melting and retrogradation interpreted to reflect the Taconian- and the Scandian phase, respectively. The SMC suffered extensive partial melting in connection with the Taconian phase, was relatively unaffected by Scandian deformation and did not come into contact with the Tromsø Nappe until late in the Scandian phase. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3408 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (9.068Mb) -
Indseth, Synnøve (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-Dec-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrunnen for temaet er dagens faktiske og rettslige tvist mellom den svenske samebyen Saarivuoma og norsk reindriftsforvaltning. Etter at reinbeitekonvensjonen av 1972, mellom Norge og Sverige, opphørte i 2005 har reindriftssamene fra Saarivuoma kommet tilbake til Altevannsområdet, det området de hadde fått erkjent rettigheter til i Rt. 1968 s. 429, men som de så mistet ved reinbeitekonvensjonen av 1972. Besvarelsen tar for seg de ulike rettskildene som er relevant som rettgrunnlag for svensksamenes beiterettigheter på norsk grunn. Stikkord her er Lappekodisillen av 1751, Lov om svensk reinbeiting i Norge og norsk reinbeiting i Sverige (endringslov 2005), rettigheter ervervet ved alder tids bruk og folkerettslige forpliktelser overfor samene som et urfolk. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1783 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (298.7Kb) -
Ingebretsen, Ole C.; Kuklin, Vladimir N.; Kirov, Mikhail Y.; Sovershaev, Mikhail; Andreasen, Thomas; Ytrehus, Kirsti; Bjertnæs, Lars J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 04-Mar-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: Introduction: Studies in vitro reveal that endothelin-1 (ET-1) activates the α isoform of protein kinase C (PKC-α) in cultures of endothelial cells, thereby deranging cellular integrity. Sepsis and endotoxemia are associated with increased plasma concentrations of ET-1 that induce acute lung injury (ALI). We recently reported that non-selective ET-1 receptor blockade attenuates ALI in sheep by reducing the endotoxin-induced increase in extravascular lung water index (EVLWI). The aim of this study was to find out whether this attenuation is associated with reduced translocation of PKC-α from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction of lung tissue homogenate. Methods: Seventeen awake, instrumented sheep were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group (n = 3), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 7) receiving an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli 15 ng/kg per min for 24 hours, and a tezosentan group (n = 7) subjected to LPS and, from 4 hours, an intravenous injection of tezosentan 3 mg/kg followed by infusion at 1 mg/kg per hour for the reminder of the experiment. Pulmonary micro-occlusion pressure (Pmo), EVLWI, plasma concentrations of ET-1, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were determined every 4 hours. Western blotting was used to assess PKC-α. Results: In non-treated sheep a positive correlation was found between the plasma concentration of ET-1 and Pmo in the late phase of endotoxemia (12 to 24 hours). A positive correlation was also noticed between Pmo and EVLWI in the LPS and the LPS plus tezosentan groups, although the latter was significantly reduced in comparison with LPS alone. In both endotoxemic groups, plasma concentrations of ET-1, TNF-α, and IL-8 increased. In the LPS group, the cytosolic fraction of PKC-α decreased by 75% whereas the membrane fraction increased by 40% in comparison with the sham-operated animals. Tezosentan completely prevented the changes in PKC-α in both the cytosolic and the membrane fractions, concomitantly causing a further increase in the plasma concentrations of ET-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. Conclusion: In endotoxemic sheep, ET-1 receptor blockade alleviates lung injury as assessed by a decrease in EVLWI paralleled by a reduction in Pmo and the prevention of activation of PKC-α. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1128 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (331.0Kb) -
Norderhaug, Inger Natvig; Ingebrigsten, Tor; Krogstad, Unni; Søreide, Odd; Myhre, Hans Olav; Wiseth, Rune (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Kunnskapssenteret har gjennomgått og sammenstilt forskningen om pasientvolum og behandlingskvalitet med grunnlag i litteratur for perioden 2001–2006. Denne delrapporten tar for seg behandling av hjerte- og karsykdommer.The influence of hospital or physician volume on qality of health care URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3215 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (816.4Kb)
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