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Tadesse, Margey (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 17-Sep-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death world-wide and there is a growing need for new anti-infective agents to combat multi-resistant strains of bacteria and fungi. Marine natural products are promising sources of novel antimicrobial compounds. In the present thesis, an investigation into the antimicrobial metabolites of Arctic and sub-Arctic marine invertebrate species is presented. Extracts of seven ascidian species, six sponge species, a soft-alcyonid coral and a bryozoan species, were screened for their antimicrobial activities. The extracts were pre-fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and purified by reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Active metabolites were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.
The antibacterial tyrosine-derived guanidines, 3-dihydroxy-tubastrine and tubastrine, have been isolated from the ascidian Dendrodoa aggregata. This is the first report on the isolation of active metabolites from D. aggregata. 3-dihydroxy-tubastrine has previously been isolated from the Australian sponge species Spongosorites sp. The compound was present in high concentrations in extracts of the ascidian and could serve as a chemotaxonomic marker for the species.
Extracts of the ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria displayed the highest antimicrobial activities in our assays. Bio-guided fractionation of the extract, revealed the presence of three novel compounds, named synoxazolidinones A, B and C. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and analysis of mass spectrometric data. The absolute configuration of the compounds was also established by computational methods. The synoxazolidinones contain a unique 4-oxazolidinone core rarely encountered in natural products. Biogenetically, the compounds appear to be derived from arginine and tyrosine. This is the first report on the chemistry of S. pulmonaria. Synoxazolidinones also displayed anticancer activities and provide novel chemical scaffolds for structure-activity relationship studies which are currently being carried out.
The dibrominated tryptophan-derived metabolite, eusynstyelamide B, and three new derivatives, eusynstyelamides D, E and F, have been isolated from the bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All four compounds displayed potent antibacterial activities in our assays. This is the first report of bioactive metabolites from T. spitzbergensis. Eusynstyelamide B has previously been isolated from the Australian ascidian Eusynstyela latericius. The presence of the same metabolites in different organisms and environments, suggests biosynthesis by symbiotic microorganisms.
In addition, this thesis provides background information on natural product research and current antimicrobial investigations of marine invertebrate species. The potential of Arctic and sub-Arctic marine invertebrates as sources of structurally novel, bioactive metabolites is demonstrated.Description: The papers of the thesis are not available in Munin due to publisher's restrictions:
1. Margey Tadesse, Bjørn Gulliksen, Morten B. Strøm, Olaf B. Styrvold, Tor Haug: «Screening for antibacterial and antifungal activities in marine benthic invertebrates from northern Norway», Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 99(2008), 286-293 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.06.009
The accepted version of the article is avalable in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2728
2. Margey Tadesse, Veronika Tørfoss, Morten B. Strøm, Espen Hansen, Jeanette Hammer Andersen, Klara Stensvåg, Tor Haug: «Isolation and biological activity of (E)-1-(4-hydroxystyryl)guanidine from the sub-Arctic ascidian, Dendrodoa aggregata», Biochemical Systematics and Ecology (2010) - in press-version (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.04.002
3. Margey Tadesse, Morten B. Strøm, Johan Svenson, Marcel Jaspars, Bruce F. Milne, Veronika Tørfoss, Jeanette H. Andersen, Espen Hansen, Klara Stensvåg and Tor Haug: «Synoxazolidinones A, B, and C; novel bioactive alkaloids from the ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria». Manuscript, published version available in Organic Letters at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol101707u
4. Margey Tadesse, Jioji N. Tabudravu, Marcel Jaspars, Morten B. Strøm, Espen Hansen, Jeanette H. Andersen and Tor Haug: «The antibacterial eusynstelamides B, D, E and F, from the Arctic bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis» (manuscript)URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2702 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tadesse, Margey; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Strøm, Morten B.; Styrvold, Olaf B.; Haug, Tor (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 18-Jun-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Benthic marine invertebrates collected from sub-Arctic regions of northern Norway, were found to be a promising source of novel bioactive compounds against human and fish pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Lyophilized material from seven species of ascidians, six sponges and one soft alcyonid coral were extracted with 60% acidified acetonitrile (ACN). After separation into an ACN-rich phase (ACN extract) and an aqueous phase, and subsequent solid phase extraction of the aqueous phase, fractions differing in polarity were obtained and screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities, along with the more lipophilic ACN-extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined against two Gram-negative, two Gram-positive bacteria, and two strains of fungi. Notably, all the invertebrate species in the study showed activity against all four strains of bacteria and the two strains of fungi. In general, the aqueous fractions displayed highest antimicrobial activity, and the most potent extracts were obtained from the colonial ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria which displayed activity against bacteria and fungi at a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml; the lowest concentration tested. Description: This is the accepted manuscript version of the article. Reprinted with permission. Published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.06.009
The published version of this article is part of Margey Tasesse's doctoral thesis, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2702URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2728 File(s) in this item: 1
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Taihaugen, Marit Anita; Bergquist, Ane Øyås (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrunn Fødselsmetode ved seteleie har lenge vært et omdiskutert tema, i Norge anbefales vaginal fødsel til utvalgte grupper, mens i mange andre land anbefales keisersnitt. I vår oppgave ønsket vi å sammenlikne komplikasjoner hos mor og barn ved vaginal fødsel og keisersnitt. Materiale og metode Vi har tatt for oss norske og internasjonale publiserte studier, sammenholdt med noen utvalgte tall fra Norsk Medisinsk Fødselsregister (MFR). Vi har brukt PubMed, Cochrane og Tidsskriftet for å søke systematisk etter artikler som omfatter forskning på setefødsler, fødselsmetode, komplikasjoner, ytre vendingsforsøk og Apgar score. Resultater og fortolkning Tallmateriale fra MFR omfattet totalt 91674 setefødsler, hvorav det i 81629 tilfeller var registert fødselsmetode, totalt ble 42,3 % født vaginalt og 46,8 % forløst med keisersnitt, hvorav 18,5 % var elektive, 16,3 % akutte og 12 % uspesifiserte keisersnitt. Vi fant en signifikant større blødningstendens hos mor ved vaginal forløsning med tang, sammenliknet med uttrekning uten tang. Vi fant også en litt økt blødningstendens ved keisersnitt sammenliknet med vaginal forløsning med tang. Når det kommer til fødselskomplikasjoner hos barna, viser tallmaterialet en høyere forekomst av alvorlige komplikasjoner, som behov for intensiv behandling og respirasjonsproblemer, hos barna som ble forløst med akutt keisersnitt, men dette kan skyldes at tegn til fødselsasfyksi i fødselsforløpet var indikasjonen for keisersnittet. Forekomsten av mindre alvorlige komplikasjoner, som plexusskade og claviculafraktur var høyest i gruppen vaginalt forløste. Total morbiditet var lik i gruppene forløst med elektivt og akutt keisersnitt, mens vaginal forløsning med tang gav en signifikant høyere morbiditet. I tallmaterialet som omhandler Apgar score er det en betydelig mengde uregistrert informasjon, men av det tallmaterialet som foreligger framkommer det en liten, men signifikant forskjell i Apgar score etter 5 minutter, hvor de barna som fødes vaginalt har bedre score enn de barna som forløses med keisersnitt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3734 File(s) in this item: 1
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Takamine, Kaori (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 19-Mar-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: It can be observed that the relative order of modifier PPs in Japanese is free. Given that the word order in Japanese can be rearranged by scrambling, two questions arise with regard to the word order of modifiers. Is the word order of these modifiers constrained underlyingly? And how are the modifier PPs introduced into a clause structure? A possible answer is a traditional approach under which the order of the PPs is not constrained and that the modifier PPs can be freely adjoined to a syntactic structure (cf. Ernst 2002). An alternative is a theory of functional sequences, in which PPs are generated in unique positions, and a movement operation changes their word order in the surface structure (Alexiadou 1997, Cinque 1999, 2006). In my thesis, I investigate the word order of modifier PPs in Japanese. The goals of the thesis are two–fold. The first is to argue that the underlying order of PPs in Japanese is rigid. On the basis of empirical observation, I argue that modifier PPs are generated in a hierarchical fashion. Once the hierarchy of the modifier PP is determined, I show how the hierarchy supports the theories of a fine-grained functional sequence over the traditional adjunct analysis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2465 File(s) in this item: 1
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Takamine, Kaori (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Washio (1997; 1999) observes that resultative predicates are divided into two different groups, strong and weak resultatives, depending on ‘patienthood’ of the object. This typology of resultatives seems to capture a point of crosslinguistic variation in resultatives; Japanese has weak but not strong resultatives, while English has both. Washio also observes that there is another group of examples that bears a superficial resemblance to resultatives but constitutes a different phenomenon, hence spurious resultatives. The difference between weak and strong resultatives is made in terms of the ‘affectedness’ of the verb. Thus the typology of resultatives proposed by Washio is semantically grounded. In this paper, I propose: (i) a finegrained distinction for Washio’s weak resultatives: (ii) a syntactic analysis of the different resultative types. On the basis of syntactic evidence, I argue that there are two types of weak resultatives, an adjunct of VP and a complement of VP within the vP projection. I also argue that spurious resultatives are structurally higher than weak resultatives in Japanese. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3193 File(s) in this item: 1
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Takamine, Kaori (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2006)[+][-]
Abstract: In this paper, I investigate the categorial status of spatial terms in locative/directional expressions in Japanese. I will show that a certain class of spatial terms have a distinct categorial status from both regular postpositions and nouns. On one hand, syntactic diagnostics such as doubling, coordination by to, and co-occurrence with demonstratives indicate that these spatial terms belong to a nominal category rather than to a postpositional category. On the other hand, the fact that these spatial terms are modified by range modifiers indicates that they are more similar to regular postpositions than to nouns. On the basis of these diagnostics, I will argue that spatial terms in Japanese need to be assigned a new category Axial Part Phrase which is proposed by Svenonius 2006. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/982 File(s) in this item: 1
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Takle, Ingrid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Skade av analsfinkter er en velkjent komplikasjon til vaginale fødsler, og en av hovedårsakene til anal inkontinens hos kvinner. 30 – 50% av kvinner som får sfinkterruptur får langvarig sekvele i form av luftlekkasje eller løs avføring på tross av primær reperasjon, og er nok til å gi kvinnen redusert livskvalitet. Målsettingen for denne oppgaven var å finne ut om det har vært en endring i insidens av og risikofaktorer for sfinkterskader ved vaginal forløsning ved UNN fra 2003 til 2008, samt se på effekter av Nasjonal handlingsplan for reduksjon av sfinkterskader fra 2008. I tillegg er det sett på samsvar mellom registreringer og gradering i Partus og DIPS,. Andel sfinkterrupturer har gått signifikant ned fra 3,8% i 2003 til 1,5% i 2008 (p<0,01). Risikofaktorer for sfinkterruptur i denne oppgaven er vist å være førstegangsfødende, høy fødselsvekt og instrumentell forløsning, noe som støttes i internasjonale studier. Det er funnet en del feilregistreringer i Partus samt avvik mellom Partus og operasjonsbeskrivelsene. Det er behov for kvalitetssikring av registreringene i Partus, og mer forskning på området risikofaktorer og forebygging av sfinkterruptur. Det ble gjennomført et intervensjonsprogrammet med fokus på perineumstøtte ved UNN 2003 – 2009. Dette har gitt svært gode resultatet, og bør om mulig gjennomføres også på de andre norske sykehus med fødeavdeling. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3739 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tamasi, Katalin (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The thesis presents preliminary findings of a project concerning segment interactions as found in the speech of six children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. The purpose of this thesis is threefold: (1) to provide an overview of linguistically, especially phonologically relevant findings in the autism literature, (2) to contribute to the field of autistic phonology with the field work and research on phonological processes characteristic of subjects on the autistic spectrum and (3) to capture relevant phonological processes that have been observed in autistic speech with the help of the Parallel Structures Model (Morén 2003a-b, 2006a-b, 2007a-c, Youssef 2007). Ultimately, two of the observed phonological processes – nasal and voicing disturbances and related phenomena – as well as their prevalence rates are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2759 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tamayo, Roman J. Machado (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Jun-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: To monitor the genetic variability of L.vannamei shrimp-specie as founder stock and their correspondent first generation (F1), four microsatellite DNA loci species-specific for these animals were used. Data from allelic diversity (size, number and frequency of alleles) and levels of hetrozygozity were obtained as measures of genetic diversity. The protocol used is belonging to the lab, from the Norwegian College of Fishery science (NFH) of the University of Tromsø (Uitø). The results indicated a decrease in some of measures for genetic diversity. The number of allele (Na) ranged from 1-9 and their effectives number of alleles (ne) from 1.1 to 6.72. The mean value observed heterozygosity (Ho) by populations range from 0.29 to 0.63, which were lower than the expected one. Loss of genetic diversity may have originated from the selection of better performing individuals for a number of traits of interest. There is gap concerning to pedigree information from these animals, due to their origin place (USA). Artificial breeding practices may result in a decrease of genetic variability in terms of allelic diversity but which is not necessarily detectable from the levels of heterozygosity. Thus, should be taking into account at moment to start a genetic breeding program with the animals tested. This study highlights the importance of constantly assessing the genetic variability in the cultured shrimp populations in Cuba. Considering the low variability observed, it is suggested that the development of a sustainable selective breeding program in Cuba should be conducted only after application of measures aimed at enhancing the genetic variation (through exchange of broodstocks with others producers or sampling of wild specimens) and that the genetic information be constantly used to reduce the risks of further inbreeding. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/344 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tamelander, Tobias; Aubert, Anais; Wexels Riser, Christian (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Sinking of particles is a key mechanism in the transport of organic matter from the ocean’s productive surface layer to the deep sea and sediments, but also constitutes a loss of carbon and growth-limiting nutrients to the pelagic food web. Knowledge on export of particulate phosphorus is limited, particularly in high-latitude regions, in spite of its role as a co-limiting factor in many marine systems. We therefore investigated suspended concentrations and vertical export (by means of sediment traps) of particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON) and total particulate phosphorus (TPP) at 3 contrasting sites in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea opening and quantified the contribution of zooplankton faecal pellets to POC, PON and TPP export. The TPP fluxes are the first to be reported from this region and probably the first from the entire Arctic Ocean. The suspended and exported C:N ratios were close to the Redfield ratio and did not differ significantly from each other (mean atomic ratios of 6.1 and 6.3, respectively). The mean C:P of suspended particles (91) was below Redfield, whereas the exported mean (117) exceeded Redfield, indicating more efficient retention of phosphorus than of nitrogen in the water column. Copepod faecal pellets had low C:P ratios and contributed a higher proportion to phosphorus export (mean of 17%) than to carbon and nitrogen export (10%). Faecal pellets may therefore be an important loss factor for phosphorus from the water column compared to slower-sinking material, which is retained more efficiently. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5032 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tandberg, Anne Helene Solberg; Rapp, Hans Tore; Schander, Christoffer; Vader, Wim; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Berge, Jørgen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The newly discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vent field “Loki’s Castle” at 2,350 m depth at 70°N on the Knipovich Ridge north of the island Jan Mayen is the only known black smoker field from the Arctic Ridge system. This vent field holds a unique fauna clearly distinct from vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland. In addition to numerous maldanid and ampharetid polychaetes one animal of particular interest at this vent site, is a new genus and species of melitid amphipod. This new species is found in cracks and crevices on vent chimneys as well as in areas where diffuse venting is common such as the base of vent chimneys. Here, we present a formal morphological description of this new melitid species and hypothesize about the main form of its nutrition using stable isotope and molecular data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4004 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tandberg, Anne Helene S. (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 19-Dec-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The Amphipod-genus Metopa is a relatively large genus, with currently 55 accepted species. This PhD thesis consists of redescriptions of 23 of these species based on typespecimens or specimens collected and identified by the original authors; this has been done to create consistent descriptions that could form a basis for a phylogenetic analysis of Metopa. For some species Scanning Electron Microscopy has been used to look for characters that have been overlooked by the original authors. The redescriptions are presented in 3 papers (Papers 1-3), with a phylogenetic analysis of 37 Metopa species (mostly based on personal examinations, but 6 based on literature-information) together with 6 Stenula species (partly based on literature, but most from examinations performed by Dr. Traudl Krapp-Schickel) presented in a manuscript (Paper 6). The result of the phylogenetic analysis is two clear clades (A and B), both including species from both original genera. This result could suggest a thorough change in stenothoid systematics, with the possible synonymization of Stenula into the older Metopa and erection of one or more new genera to include the species of clade A, but we have argued against doing this before further investigations have been undertaken. The stability of the resulting phylogeny is discussed, and in our opinion further studies are necessary to strengthen the conclusions reached here, before we formally make the necessarily very extensive nomenclatorial changes. However, the indications that Metopa and Stenula are paraphyletic are strong. Two papers (Papers 4-5) examine the ecology of Metopa species associated with mollusks. Paper 4 is a short note about findings of Metopa alderii inside the mussel Musculus spp., whereas Paper 5 is a more thorough discussion on the possible life history strategies for Metopa glacialis in its well known association with the mussel Musculus discors based on data collected by Svalbard. We show the presence of more than one broods in several examined mussels, and from the brood sizes and cohort compositions we suggest two possible scenarios: 3 or more seasons of single broods and parental care over more than 1 year after hatching, or multiple broods in one season and extended parental care. The introductory synthesis to the papers gives a short discussion of the papers, in addition to a historical introduction to both taxonomy and the amphipod-genus Metopa. A complete list of taxa that at some time have been included in Metopa is presented, this includes synonymies and references to the auctors and different authors who have moved the different taxa. There is also a table with biogeographical information about the genus, and the ecology of Metopa is discussed. A short discussion on molecular methods and the possible ways to ensure more data for a better phylogenetic analysis is also included. Description: The papers of this thesis are not available in Munin.
1. Tandberg, A.H.S. and Vader, W.: 'A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)', Zootaxa (2009) 2093:1-36. Available at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
2. Tandberg, A.H.S.: 'A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 2. The United States National Museum of Natural History (NMNH)', Zootaxa (2009) 2309:43-68. Available at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
3. Tandberg, A.H.S.: 'A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 2. The Natural History Museum Oslo (NHM)', Zootaxa (2010) 2465:1-94. Available at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
4. Tandberg, A.H.S., Schander, C. and Pleijel, F.: 'First record of the association between the amphipod Metopa alderii and the bivalve Musculus', Marine Biodiversity Records (2010) 3, e5. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755267209991102
5. Tandberg, A.H.S., Vader, W. and Berge, J.: 'Metopa glacialis : an analysis of its ecology and its association with Musculus discors', Polar Biology (2010) 33:1407-1418. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0833-9
6. Tandberg, A.H.S. and Vader, W.: 'Phylogenetic analysis of the stenothoid genera Metopa and Stenula (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Stenothoidae)' (manuscript)URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3808 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tangen, Espen (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 14-Oct-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: To contribute to the fundamental picture of the electronic structure of low-coordinate transition metal complexes, we have carried out a series of DFT studies on mono-imido and nitrosyl complexes for different metal ions (MnII/III, FeII/III/IV, CoII/III) and different systems of basal ligands. These studies reveal striking similarities of the electronic structure for these systems. The distinction of bent versus linear NO units is attributed to the ranking of the dz2 and dxz/yz parentage MOs relative to each other. Without a ligand trans to the NO group, the antibonding metal dz2- NO σ orbital interaction is lessened by mixing in metal pz, causing the MO to shift away from the NO ligand. This exact same orbital interaction appears to explain the existence of middle to late first-row transition metal imido complexes. Description: The four papers of the thesis are not available in Munin, due to publishers' restrictions:
1. Tangen, E.; Svadberg, A.; Ghosh, A. "Toward Modeling H-NOX Domains: A DFT Study of Heme-NO Complexes as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors," Inorganic Chemistry 2005, 44, 7802-7805. (American Chemical Society) Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic050486q
2. Tangen, E.; Conradie, J.; Ghosh, A. "The Challenge of Being Straight: Explaining the Linearity of a Low-Spin {FeNO}7 Unit in a Tropocoronand Complex," Inorganic Chemistry 2005, 44, 8699-8706. (American Chemical Society) Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic050781a
3. Conradie, J.; Tangen, E.; Ghosh, A. "Trigonal bipyramidal iron(III) and manganese(III) oxo, sulfido, and selenido complexes. An electronic-structural overview," Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 2006, 100, 707-715. (Elsevier Science) Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.029
4. Tangen, E.; Conradie, J.; Ghosh, A. "Bonding in Low-Coordinate Environments: Electronic Structure of Pseudotetrahedral Iron-Imido Complexes," J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2007, 3, 448-457. (American Chemical Society) Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ct600318nURI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1725 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tangen, Espen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Jun-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: To contribute to the fundamental picture of the electronic structure of high valent first row transition metal complexes, I have carried out a density functional study of two different macrocyclic ligand systems, corroles and corrolazines, with two different axial ligands, Ph and Cl and a number of different central ions, P(V), Cu(III), Mn(IV) and Fe(IV). DFT calculations on Fe(IV) and Mn(IV) corrole and corrolazine derivatives suggest that compared with the often noninnocent corrole ligands, corrolazines are electronically more innocent and stabilize “purer” high-valent states of transition metal ions. This study also contributes to the idea that (Cor)FeIVCl complexes are best regarded as intermediate spin (S=3/2) Fe(III) centers antiferromagnetically coupled to a corrole ð-type cation radical, making the corrole ligand noninnocent. The nature of this coupling seems to be an Fe(dz2)-corrole(b1) orbital interaction for (Cor)FeIVCl. For (Cor)FeIVPh, however, the situation seems to be different. Like in the Fe(IV) corrole µ-oxo dimers, the corrole ligand has less radical character. DFT(PW91/TZP) studies of (Cor)MPh (M = Fe, Mn, Co) suggests that also metal(dzx)-corrole(a2) orbital interactions may contribute to the ligand noninnocence in high valent metal corrole complexes. In other words, different high-valent metallocorroles may exhibit b1-type, a2-type or no radical character. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/229 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tangie, Evelyn Ngengong (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Nov-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Ethnic conflicts in the Bamenda grassfields became common occurrences at the advent of the Chamba raids in the 1820s. Despite the presence of such conflicts, few scholarly works have been done. This lack of material provided a motivation for this study – “From Friends to Enemies: Inter-Ethnic conflict amongst the Tikars of the Bamenda Grassfields (North West Province of Cameroon) C. 1950-1998”. The endeavour is to show how these ethnic conflicts can be considered a product of fast degenerating arable land against the background of fast growing population; the Bambili / Babanki-tungoh ethnic conflict is the product of centralized state building process in the Bamenda grassfields and it is fostered by economic imperatives. It is to fill the gap in Bamenda grassfield’s historiography. In order to investigate these hypotheses answers have been sought for the following questions: why is the Bamenda Grassfields rife with many ethnic conflicts in general and the Bambili/Babanki-tungoh in particular? What makes the two ethnic groups different, so much so that they fight each other over a piece of land? Who are the motivators of the ethnic conflict in the area? Of what importance is the disputed land between the two contestants under study? What attempts have been made by the traditional government and civil administration to end these conflicts and why have these attempts not bore any fruits? It is evident from this study that ethnic conflicts in the Bamenda grassfields are as a result of an ever growing population without a corresponding increase in land. It also shows that the ethnic conflicts are as a result of the ever empire state building in the sub region. Furthermore, it is also evident from the work that economic consideration over the fertile piece of land between the two villages is the main cause of the ethnic conflict between Bambili and Babanki-tungoh. The claims of the two villages over the disputed land are not authentic. This is because none of the villages are willing to show a land certificate which could make the piece of land to be conveniently theirs. It is also evident that the Bambili and Babanki-tungoh have similarities (Tikars) but the ethnic conflicts have made them different from each other. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1314 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tang, Thi Hien (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: To develop effective capacity management programs, it is significant to evaluate and control the fishing capacity and its utilization in order to reduce overcapacity and excess capacity and create a stable development of marine resources. This study estimate fishing capacity and capacity utilization (CU) for the multi-species small- scale trawlers in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Data were collected through a survey of 65 small-scale trawler owners in two years 2005 and 2006. Using a mathematical programming approach - data envelopment analysis (DEA), the results from this study show that most of vessels in Nha Trang were operating at less than their full capacity and there was excess capacity in the trawl fleet. Based on these findings, some policy implications for trawl fishery management in Nha Trang are also provided and discussed. . URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3784 File(s) in this item: 1
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Tanko, Abdulai (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Developing countries are slow adopters of new technologies, particularly with regards to the health services of these countries. This study explores the data collection and management challenges in a Ghanaian hospital using an interpretative case study approach and proposes implementing an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system as a solution to these challenges. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Actor Network Theory (ANT) and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) are used in discussing the acceptance and the collaborative use of a prospective EHR system in the light of the present work practice at the hospital. This study is probably the first of its kind in Ghana; there have been some limited studies of EHR early trials in some developing countries assessing the challenges of implementation. This study briefly mentions two of such; the Cameroonian and Kenyan EHR projects. Some challenges that would impede the implementation of EHR in a Ghanaian hospital are the initial huge start up costs, poor computer skills of healthcare professionals, poor maintenance culture, and people embedding political meaning(s) into the system. The weak state of information infrastructure at the hospital would be another challenge in an EHR implementation. EHR could potentially reduce waiting times for patients, reduce the cost of the hospital’s operations, improve interdepartmental communication and collaboration, provide opportunity for sharing best practices among physicians within Ghanaian hospitals, and enhance better resource allocation. The data an EHR could primarily capture would be patients’ demographics, care plans, laboratory results, billing and NHIS claims information. Keywords: ANT, CSCW, EHR, Ghana, Implementation, Information Infrastructure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2080 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.652Mb) -
Medova, Lucie; Taraldsen, Tarald (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2007)[+][-]
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Taraldsen, Åshild (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 19-Jun-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Denne oppgaven handler om utfordringer voksne minoritetsspråklige elever møter i tilpasset videregående opplæring. Mitt fokus har vært utfordringer i forhold til studieverkstedsmodellen. Modellen kan ses på som en fysisk møteplass for voksne under utdanning og en arena hvor opplæringen er tilpasset voksne. Min analyse og konklusjon er basert på historiene til 5 elever som på det tidspunktet intervjuene ble foretatt, befant seg i ulike stadier av sin utdanning. Voksnes læring, språklige og flerkulturelle utfordringer belyses utifra teoretikere som Malcolm Knowles, Bo Jacobsen som sentrale for å belyse voksen læring. Språklige utfordringer belyses utifra Tor-Ola Engen / Lars-Anders Kulbrandstad. Flerkulturelle utfordringer belyses utifra Asle Høgmo og Øyvind Fuglerud. I tillegg har jeg valgt ulik relevant teori som vedrører de ulike temaene. Minoritetsspråklige elevers største utfordringer i forhold til det faglige var av språklige art, både muntlig og skriftlig. Selve metoden, å benytte studieverkstedsmodellen viste seg å være vanskelig siden ingen hadde tidligere erfaring i å arbeide problembasert. De språklige vanskene gjorde at to-veis lyd-bilde forelesningene opplevdes som særlig vanskelig de første månedene. Elevene i undersøkelsen er fra sitt hjemland vant til en sterkt lærerstyrt undervisning og det å ta ansvar for egen læring var uvant. Gruppeprosessen fungerte både positivt og negativt. Det oppsto for eksempel positivt og inkluderende læringsmiljø i grupper der majoriteten bidro med faghjelp og forsøkte å fremme et godt sosialt klima. I enkelte grupper oppsto samhandlingsproblemer som førte til at enkelte ikke følte seg inkludert i prosessen, noe som var med på å skape frustrasjoner URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1482 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (236.4Kb) -
Tatone, Ivan (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: The present study reports the results of investigations conducted during 2006-2007 of the bottom longline fishery in the Southern Adriatic Sea. The study investigated the rigging of the line and the material used. These investigations specifically compared the catch efficiency of the traditionally used J-shaped hook to hooks with innovative design that are commonly used in the Norwegian costal longline fishery. Fishing trials were conducted using a commercial fishing boat operating in areas with two different bottom morphologies (rocky and muddy bottom). Species abundance of the catches in the two areas were compared. The working hypothesis was that the innovative hooks, characterized by a point toward the line of pull (i.e., Mustad: EZ-Baiter, Wide Gap, Wide Gap Eyed), perform better than the traditional hook whose point is parallel to the line of pull (i.e., Mustad: Round Bend Sea). A variant of the traditional J-shaped hook, characterized by an offset-angle (Mustad: Kirby) was also tested. The elasmobranch species (Squalus acanthias 26 % and Raja clavata 13 %) were the most abundant species on rocky bottom, followed by Pagrus pagrus (13 %). These species were hardly present on muddy bottoms where Merluccius merluccius dominated (48 %). The EZ-Baiter and Wide Gap hooks had the highest catch efficiency in terms of biomass of fish caught. They also gave the highest income. The Wide Gap Eyed hook performed the worst as it was not suitable for the baiting operations. The EZ-Baiter and Wide Gap hook were more efficient than the Round Bend Sea hook on both bottom morphologies. The results suggest that the EZ-Baiter hook performed better than Wide Gap hook on rocky bottom, while the Wide Gap performed better on muddy bottom. The Kirby hook did not improve the catch efficiency compared to the Round Bend Sea. It was concluded that introduction of the Norwegian hook designs could improve the efficiency and income of the Italian bottom longline fishery without large investments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1630 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.159Mb)
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