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<title>Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3</link>
<description/>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 06:45:37 GMT</pubDate>
<dc:date>2013-05-21T06:45:37Z</dc:date>
<item>
<title>Fra reformasjonen til mellomkrigstiden. Framveksten av det norske utdanningssystemet</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5156</link>
<description>Skinningsrud, Tone&lt;br /&gt;
Avhandlingen er en studie i historisk utdanningssosiologi og komparativ pedagogikk som handler om skolens utvikling fra reformasjonen (i Danmark og Norge) til midten av 1930-tallet (i Norge). Sentrale problemstillinger dreier seg om når det norske utdanningssystemet oppstod, om det var et sentralisert eller desentralisert system og hvilke prosesser som førte til systemets framvekst. Arbeidet anvender og videreutvikler Margaret Archers morfogenetiske teori om den historiske framveksten av europeiske statlige utdanningssystemer. Det inneholder en kritisk vurdering av Archers analyse av dansk-norsk skoleutvikling fra reformasjonen og fram til 1814 og presenterer momenter til en alternativ analyse basert på oppfatningen om at skolen i Danmark-Norge etter reformasjonen var dualt integrert med kirken og staten. Skoleutviklingen i Danmark-Norge på 1600-, 1700- og 1800-tallet analyseres i lys av tesen om dual integrasjon. I en videreføring av analysen til å omfatte skoleutviklingen i Norge etter 1814 konkluderes det med at det norske utdanningssystemet oppstod etter lovvedtaket av 1896 om høyere almendannende skoler og at systemet utviklet seg til et sentralisert system i perioden fra 1896 til midten av 1930-årene. Det empiriske grunnlaget for arbeidet omfatter foreliggende kirkehistoriske, politisk historiske og utdanningshistoriske studier. Avhandlingens bidrag til kunnskapsutviklingen er en videreutvikling av Archers teori på to nivå: i) en teori om en ny og ikke tidligere teoretisert morfogenetisk syklus som startet med skolens duale integrasjon med kirken og staten og ii) en modifikasjon av Archers overordnede teori om framveksten av utdanningssystemene, slik at utviklingen fra skolens integrasjon med kirken i europeisk middelalder til framveksten av utdanningssystemene kan omfatte mer enn én morfogenetisk syklus.; This thesis can be categorized both as a study on the historical sociology of education and as a study in comparative education. It applies, repairs and extends Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic theory of the emergence of state educational systems to enable it to account for the emergence of the Norwegian educational system. The questions generated by Archer’s theory are: When did the Norwegian educational system emerge? Was the system centralized or decentralized? And, what kind of processes led to the emergence of the system? Starting at the time of the Lutheran reformation in Denmark-Norway, Archer’s account of educational development in Denmark until 1814, based on the assumption of mono-integration between education and the church, is evaluated against an alternative assumption of education being integrated with both the church and the state. Further analysis of educational development in Norway from 1814 till the mid 1930ies concludes with the finding that the Norwegian educational system emerged after the passing of the law on higher education in 1896 and that the system evolved into a centralized system during the period from 1896 to 1936.The study is based on previous research on Danish and Norwegian church history, educational history and political history. The theoretical contribution of the study is an extenstion and modification of Margaret Archer's theory of the emergence of educational systems, which include theoretical elaborations at two theoretical levels: i) the development of a theory of a morphogenetic cycle that started with the dual integration of education with the state and the church and 2) the development of the general theory of the emergence of educational system to potentially include more than one morphogenetic cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2013-06-06T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<title>Usage-based vs. Rule-based Learning: The Acquisition of Word Order in Wh-Questions in English and Norwegian</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5142</link>
<description>Westergaard, Marit&lt;br /&gt;
This paper discusses different approaches to language acquisition in relation to children’s acquisition of word order in wh-questions in English and Norwegian. While generative models assert that children set major word order parameters and thus acquire a rule of subject-auxiliary inversion or generalized verb second (V2) at an early stage, some constructivist work argues that English-speaking children are simply reproducing frequent wh-word + auxiliary combinations in the input. The paper questions both approaches, re-evaluates some previous work, and provides some further data, concluding that the acquisition of wh-questions must be the result of a rule-based process. Based on variation in adult grammars, a cue-based model to language acquisition is presented, according to which children are sensitive to minor cues in the input, called micro-cues. V2 is not considered to be one major parameter, but several smaller-scale cues, which are responsible for children’s lack of syntactic (over-)generalization in the acquisition process.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5142</guid>
<dc:date>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Trollfolkets vårfest (Valborgsaften)</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5139</link>
<description>Hagen, Rune Blix&lt;br /&gt;
Feiring av natt til første mai, Valborgsaften eller Valborgsmesseaften, har ingen spesielle&#13;
tradisjoner i Norge. I andre nordiske slik som Finland og Sverige har man derimot lange tradisjoner for å markere den siste dagen i april som en av årets store festdager. Slik er det også i Tyskland. Alle fortellinger om heksenes nattlige ritt til Blokksberg er lagt til nettopp&#13;
denne dagen, eller nærmere bestemt til natten mellom april og mai. Selv om datoen ikke har&#13;
noen tradisjon i Norge, er Troms en sentral del av folkloren omkring Valborgsaften fra andre&#13;
nordiske land.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5139</guid>
<dc:date>2013-04-30T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>"Den bærekraftige inuitt"? Et studie av fangstfolk på Grønland</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5135</link>
<description>Arntzen, Liv Margit&lt;br /&gt;
Mange mennesker i den arktiske regionen lever under krevende forhold og står overfor store utfordringer som er knyttet til økt utnyttelse av naturressurser, klimaendringer og forurensning. Basert på empiriske data, vil denne oppgaven vise hvilke utfordringer fangstyrket i Ittoqqortoormiit by på Øst-Grønland står overfor i dag. Hovedfokuset er rettet mot å vise hvilke erfaringer, tanker og holdninger yrkesfangerne har omkring sitt arbeide og livssituasjon, samt hvordan ytre rammebetingelser som internasjonale organisasjoner, miljømessige fenomener og endringer i markedet for fangstprodukter har påvirket yrkesfangsten i løpet av de siste årene. Som vi skal se, forholder lokalbefolkningen seg aktivt til omgivelsene gjennom fangsten og har tilpasset fangstmetodene etter dyrelivet og årstidene. Utbyttet fra fangsten sirkulerer innenfor et markedsøkonomisk og et subsistensøkonomisk system, der fangstproduktene distribueres både til marked, hushold og gjennom deling med andre. Problemene som yrkesfangerne møter i sitt daglige virke, er først og fremst knyttet til salg av fangstprodukter og endrede markedsbetingelser. En av årsakene til dette er politisk press fra miljøorganisasjoner, dyrevernsbevegelser og antifangstorganisasjoner som gjør det vanskelig for urfolk å leve direkte av naturens ressurser. Dette har ført til dårlige økonomiske levevilkår for yrkesfangsten i Ittoqqortoormiit. Som et resultat av dette har samtlige av yrkesfangerne valgt og/eller ser seg nødt til å basere seg på turisme i tillegg til å drive med yrkesfangst. Arbeidet med turisme gir økt og sikrere inntekt, men det blir samtidig mindre til fangsten, noe de håper vil endre seg i fremtiden. Yrkesfangerne føler seg også oversett og lite hørt i saker som angår deres arbeide, og de er blant annet utilfreds med forvalternes kunnskaper og forståelse av de lokale forholdene. Med utgangspunkt i begrepet ”bærekraftig utvikling” skal vi se nærmere på hvordan bærekraft som både omhandler de økologiske, sosiale, kulturelle og økonomiske forholdene, må sees i forhold til muligheten for fangsten og de viktigste omsetningskanalene. Dette vil igjen drøftes opp mot ideen om ”den bærekraftige inuitt” og sees i lys av forskjellen mellom vestlig versus urfolks forestillinger om bevaring av naturen.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2011-12-06T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Предложения по созданию программы возрождения саамских языков в Мурманской области</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5134</link>
<description>Scheller, Elisabeth&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5134</guid>
<dc:date>2012-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Å GI OG Å TA IMOT : Donald Meltzers psykoanalytiske tenkning i tradisjonen fra Melanie Klein og Wilfred Bion</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5130</link>
<description>Stokkeland, Jon Morgan&lt;br /&gt;
Avhandlingen presenterer tre sentrale forfatterskap etter Freud. Den undersøker hvordan sinnet trenger å være i en intim, tillitsfull relasjon for å utvikle evnen til å føle, tenke og danne mening, og med det legge grunnlaget for psykisk helse. Meltzers estetiske perspektiv fortolkes som at det utgår en tiltale fra vår omverden – en appell av ontologisk, etisk og estetisk art – som vi i vårt psykiske liv gir vårt personlige tilsvar til. Gjennom drøm, musikk, språk og andre symbolske former skaper vi mening, slik at vi kan tenke om livet og lære av våre erfaringer. Samtidig oppstår det misforståelser i sinnet som gir opphav til livsvansker og lidelse. Dette spesifikt psykoanalytiske perspektivet stilles i forhold til et allment nivå gjennom analyser av fellesmenneskelige vilkår som avhengighet, seksualitet og dødelighet – samlet under overskriften livslover. Eksempelvis: ”Du kan ikke ta et kyss!” Selv om disse fenomenene er universelle, kan de ikke beskrives fristilt fra en engasjert subjektivitet. Det knyttes an til den filosofiske fenomenologi og tenkere som Løgstrup, Arendt, Buber og Vetlesen. Analysene illustreres med eksempler fra film, skjønnlitteratur og klinisk praksis.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5130</guid>
<dc:date>2013-06-17T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>The Saami Language Situation in Russia</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5123</link>
<description>Scheller, Elisabeth&lt;br /&gt;
The article gives an overview of the Saami language situation in Russia, there people  use four Kola Saami languages or at least have some competence in them (Kildin Saami, Ter Saami, Skolt Saami and Akkala Saami). Since the 1990's, also North Saami has been used among Kola Saami community members. Today, all four Kola Saami languages are seriously threatened by a language shift from Saami to Russian. However, a revitalization process of Kildin Saami is going on. The article starts with a general introduction about the Saami, who are one of the indigenous people and minorities in the Russian Federation. After that, sources of data will be presented and categories of language competence as well as categories of language users, their numbers and their visibility inside and outside the language community will be discussed. Numbers of Saami language users in Russia are presented in a table. A description of the actual Saami language situation(s) in Russia describing each language variation separately follows. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the language situation with regard to the potential for a possible language revitalization, which is the main focus of the article.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5123</guid>
<dc:date>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>GAMIFICATION AND CROWDSOURCING AS ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5112</link>
<description>Zeineddine, Inas&lt;br /&gt;
Human Rights organizations have a history in fighting against violations and issues that are affecting the individuals, groups and nations worldwide, however, constant challenges faced by such organizations proved to delay effective advancement in access to human rights. The research aims at tackling the challenges from the standpoint of a necessary change in the organizational perception of campaigning systems to improve performance and achieve significant outcomes. The research proposes the inclusion of new technological trends of engagement that proved effective and resourceful in other sectors. The motivations underlying the behavior of human beings are influenced by the tendency to satisfy psychological needs, such as self-achievement, meaning, recognition, status and altruism. The research will discuss the psychological motivations behind people’s engagement in online activities and extend them to explain why gamification and crowdsourcing harnessed success and why such methods would be significant adaptations for campaigning in human rights. Case study methodology was adopted for this research to examine campaigns of human rights organizations that used gamification and crowdsourcing techniques, where data pertaining to the cases have been collected from the concerned websites and other reliable social media and networking online resources. The findings revealed a positive impact from applying gamification and crowdsourcing in the two selected cases, translated in the raised funds, awareness levels, contribution, participation and interaction. The outcome of this research will help identify what the expectations of people are when they logon into their social profiles and will consequently; assist human rights organizations in selecting the components of their campaigns and various engagement elements according to the interests of the targeted users of social platforms.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5112</guid>
<dc:date>2012-05-22T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Rights Based Approach: Understanding and Practice within NGOs: An Analysis of ActionAid’s project in Pakistan</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5111</link>
<description>Qadir, Yusra&lt;br /&gt;
This study aims to assess if the understanding of Rights Based Approach (RBA) is consistent within ActionAid or not. It also seeks to determine if an ActionAid project adheres to RBA’s essentials or not. The study goes beyond seeking a yes or no answer to these questions. It digs deeper to identify causes of inconsistencies in RBA understanding across ActionAid staff and factors affecting the project’s adherence to RBA essentials. A project being implemented by ActionAid Pakistan has been selected to limit the scope of the study.&#13;
The research is qualitative and is based on primary data collected from ActionAid, implementing partner, project staff and final beneficiaries. The study also draws learning from previous literature on the subject.&#13;
Interview guides, focus group discussions, general discussions and review of literature were used for data collection. Information was also obtained from respondents through telephone contact and casual discussions. A checklist derived from the UN’s Statement of Common Understanding on RBA (2003) was used to assess the selected project’s adherence to RBA.&#13;
The study found inconsistencies in staff understanding of RBA across ActionAid. Existing literature showed ActionAid is not the only large Non Governmental Organization (NGO) with this problem. The project studied was found to be strong in adhering to some essentials of RBA e.g. relationship with the community and using empowering strategies. However, it exhibited weaknesses in adhering to other essentials e.g. monitoring processes along with outcomes and assessing capacity of duty bearers for fulfilling duties. &#13;
The study concludes by advancing recommendations for ActionAid or other NGOs for improving staff understanding about RBA and for better adhering to RBA essentials in their ongoing and/or upcoming work including; institutionalization of donor funded project work, implementation of initiatives for capacity building and maintenance of a balance between advocacy and service delivery in RBA projects.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5111</guid>
<dc:date>2012-05-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>The Controversy Of Homosexuality: A critical look at the issues that make legalizing homosexuality in Malawi difficult</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5109</link>
<description>Malamba, Manuel&lt;br /&gt;
Homosexuality still remains to be one of the most controversial issues in the world today. The United Nations and other human rights bodies have postulated that all laws that discriminate against people on the basis of their sexual orientation violate human rights. However, despite this, many countries around the world including Malawi still maintain laws that object to same-sex relationships. In Malawi the issue of homosexuality was not in the public domain until recently after the arrest of a gay couple in 2009. In reaction to the arrest, the government, religious leaders, traditional leaders condemned same-sex relationships. They asserted that homosexuality is against Malawian culture and is ultimately against the will of God. Since the arrest, there has been an intense debate between the Malawian Government and some Civil Society Organizations (and donors) on whether to legalize homosexuality or not. &#13;
The study aimed at finding out the factors that could make legalizing homosexuality in Malawi complex. A qualitative study was employed to find out the attitudes that people have on same-sex-relationships. The study also aimed at finding out the reasons why people hold particular attitudes on same-sex relations.  Religion, Culture, politics and the media were determined to be the major factors that shape peoples’ attitudes on same-sex relationships in Malawi. A discussion on how criminalization of homosexuality violates human rights in the Malawian context was also central to this study. The research concluded that the government should repeal the old colonial laws and enact new laws based on a number of facts unveiled in the research.&lt;br /&gt;
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5109</guid>
<dc:date>2012-05-22T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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