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Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin)

The collection contains 48 document(s)

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• Multilocus Sequence Typing of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Norway Reveals Multiple New Sequence Types and a Large Genetic Diversity

  Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun; Christerson, Linus; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Ödman, Kristina; Ståhlsten, Anna; Herrmann, Björn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  The Chlamydia trachomatis incidence rate in Finnmark, the most northern and sparsely populated county in Norway, has been twice the national average. This population based cross-sectional study among Finnmark high school students had the following aims: i) to examine distribution of multilocus sequence types (STs) of C. trachomatis in a previously unmapped area, ii) to compare chlamydia genetic diversity in Finnmark with that of two urban regions, and iii) to compare discriminatory capacity of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with conventional ompA sequencing in a large number of chlamydia specimens. ompA sequencing and a high-resolution MLST system based on PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of five highly variable genetic regions were used. Eighty chlamydia specimens from adolescents aged 15–20 years in Finnmark were collected in five high schools (n = 60) and from routine clinical samples in the laboratory (n = 20). These were compared to routine clinical samples from adolescents in Tromsø (n = 80) and Trondheim (n = 88), capitals of North and Central Norway, respectively. ompA sequencing detected 11 genotypes in 248 specimens from all three areas. MLST displayed 50 STs providing a five-fold higher resolution. Two-thirds of all STs were novel. The common ompA E/Bour genotype comprised 46% and resolved into 24 different STs. MLST identified the Swedish new variant of C. trachomatis not discriminated by ompA sequencing. Simpson's discriminatory index (D) was 0.93 for MLST, while a corrected Dc was 0.97. There were no statistically significant differences in ST genetic diversity between geographic areas. Finnmark had an atypical genovar distribution with G being predominant. This was mainly due to expansion of specific STs of which the novel ST161 was unique for Finnmark. MLST revealed multiple new STs and a larger genetic diversity in comparison to ompA sequencing and proved to be a useful tool in molecular epidemiology of chlamydia infections

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5019

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (344.0Kb)
• Important risk factors and attributable risk of vertebral fractures in the population-based Tromsø study

  Waterloo, Svanhild Haugnes; Ngyen, T; Ahmed, Luai A.; Center, J; Morseth, Bente; Ngyen, ND; Eisman, John A.; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Emaus, Nina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  Vertebral fractures, the most common type of osteoporotic fractures, are associated with increased risk of subsequent fracture, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of important risk factors to the variability in vertebral fracture risk. Vertebral fracture was ascertained by VFA method (DXA, GE Lunar Prodigy) in 2887 men and women, aged between 38 and 87 years, in the population-based Tromsø Study 2007/2008. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) at the hip was measured by DXA. Lifestyle information was collected by questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression model, with anthropometric and lifestyle factors included, was used to assess the association between each or combined risk factors and vertebral fracture risk. Population attributable risk was estimated for combined risk factors in the final multivariable model. In both sexes, age (odds ratio [OR] per 5 year increase: 1.32; 95% CI 1.19-1.45 in women and 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.33 in men) and BMD (OR per SD decrease: 1.60; 95% CI 1.34-1.90 in women and1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.67 in men) were independent risk factors for vertebral fracture. At BMD levels higher than 0.85 g/cm2, men had a greater risk of fracture than women (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.14-2.04), after adjusting for age. In women and men, respectively, approximately 46% and 33% of vertebral fracture risk was attributable to advancing age (more than 70 years) and low BMD (less than 0.85 g/cm2), with the latter having a greater effect than the former. These data confirm that age and BMD are major risk factors for vertebral fracture risk. However, in both sexes the two factors accounted for less than half of fracture risk. The identification of individuals with vertebral fracture is still a challenge.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4876

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (253.5Kb)
• Duration of Lactation, Maternal Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in the Norwegian EBBA I-Study

  Tørris, Christine; Thune, Inger; Emaus, A; Finstad, SE; Bye, Asta; Furberg, AS; Barrett, E; Jasienska, G; Ellison, P; Hjartåker, Anette (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  There is conflicting evidence as to whether duration of lactation may decrease the risk of subsequent development of an unfavorable maternal metabolic profile, including overweight and obesity. We hypothesized that duration of lactation is associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and healthier anthropometric measurements. Ninety-eight parous women were studied from the Norwegian EBBAI-study (Energy Balance and Breast cancer Aspects-study), a cross-sectional study of healthy premenopausal women 25–35 years old. Historical lactation data were collected, anthropometric measurements were taken, fasting blood samples (for serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were drawn, and women were asked to fill in a precoded food diary. Mean time since last birth was 4.7 years, mean number of children was 1.9, mean total duration of lactation was 19 months, and average length of lactation per child was 10.3 months. Women who on average lactated for less than 10 months per child had higher mean levels of fasting serum glucose (5.2 mmol/L vs. 5.0 mmol/L, p=0.04), serum triglyceride (0.91 mmol/L vs. 0.66 mmol/L, p=0.001), and serum cholesterol (4.78 mmol/L vs. 4.32 mmol/L, p=0.004) and a higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.81 vs. 0.77, p=0.001) than women who lactated for 10 months or more per child. The inverse association between average length of lactation per child and waist-to-hip ratio persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. These results support the hypothesis that duration of lactation may be associated with a healthier metabolic profile and healthier anthropometric measurements, especially lipid levels and waist-to-hip ratio, even years after weaning.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4857

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (386.5Kb)
• Design and methods in a survey of living conditions in the Arctic–the SLiCA study

  Eliassen, Bent-Martin; Melhus, Marita; Kruse, Jack; Poppel, Birger; Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4114

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (301.3Kb)
• Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in groups stratified according to metabolic syndrome : a 10-year follow-up of The Tromsø Study

  Joseph, Josepha; Svartberg, Johan; Njølstad, Inger; Schirmer, Henrik (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)

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  Abstract:	Many incident cases of type 2 diabetes do not fulfill the metabolic syndrome, which accordingly has been questioned both as a research and clinical tool. The aim of this study was to determine differences in risk factors for type 2 diabetes between groups with high or low metabolic score. The study population were 26,093 men and women attending the Tromsø Study in 1994, followed through 2005, and who did not have diabetes when entering the study. A total of 492 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were registered. A metabolic score was defined according to a modified version of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. For those fulfilling C 3 metabolic score criteria, increasing age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and a family history of diabetes were independent predictors. Age, BMI, and triglycerides predicted type 2 diabetes more strongly in subjects with low metabolic score, whereas high HDL cholesterol was not protective in this low risk group. The risk associated with a positive family history was unaffected by level of metabolic score. In addition smoking, low education and in men also physical inactivity were independent risk factors only in those with low metabolic score. Adding these nonmetabolic risk factors increased correct classification from an ROC area of 77.2 to 87.1% (P value\0.0001). One half of the incident cases of type 2 diabetes were missed by using high metabolic score for risk prediction
  Description:	This article is part of Josepha Joseph's doctoral thesis, which is available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2968
  URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3626

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (226.8Kb)

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