The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the consumers’ values and the difference in consumption, attitude and intention to consume wild fish versus farmed fish in Vietnam. Second, it aimed to investigate the relationship between values, attitudes and intention to consume wild versus farmed fish by applying value-attitude-behavior model. The measurement scales used here were adapted from previous studies found in the literature. The survey was conducted in Nha Trang, Vietnam, among convenience sample of 206 respondents. This study found that personal values are very important to the consumers. Environmental issues related to food/fish consumption found to be quite important while animal welfare issues were not important to them. They had significantly high attitude and intention as well as consumption of wild fish than that of farmed fish. The beliefs of quality and availability of wild fish was significantly more positive when compared with farmed fish. Structural equation modeling identified that environmental concern of the consumer and benevolence values were significantly related to positive attitudes towards wild fish consumption while universalism values had non significant, high positive impact, suggesting that more people are concerned about these issues, the more positive attitudes they have towards wild fish. However, their concern about fish welfare issues found to be negatively related with attitudes towards wild fish consumption. All these values were non significant in determining attitudes towards farmed fish consumption. The explained variance of the attitudes towards wild and farmed products from the values, however, found to be less. The study found that beliefs of quality and availability were significant predictors of attitudes towards both products than the welfare and sustainability issues. The findings indicated that from a marketing point-of-view, wild fish products can be appeal to environmental and welfare concern, personal values as well as attributes beliefs level of the consumer, while demand for the farmed fish products can be enhanced mostly by appealing to the attitudinal beliefs based on the attributes. The study provides useful information for fish farming and marketing companies as well as environmental policy makers. From a theoretical point of view, this study partially confirms the Value – Attitude – Behavior relationship model (VAB).
The primary purpose of this study was to identify market segments based on personal values, values and lifestyles, environmental concern, fish welfare concern, ethical concern for fish farming and health involvement. A self-administrated questionnaire was conducted on a convenience sample of 209 Vietnamese consumers. It was designed to investigate consumers’ concern for issues used as segmentation basis together with variables used in profiling the segments. The measurement scales used in this study were selected or adapted from validated scales found in the literature. Three segments were identified: the Environment and safety concerned (37 per cent), the Unethical (36 per cent) and the Farmed fish concerned (27 per cent). Attitudes toward wild fish, norms to eat wild and farmed fish, willingness to pay and gender were most important in profiling differences between clusters. The findings indicated that from a marketing point-of-view, wild and farmed fish industries may face some ethical problems in this part of the Vietnam market (Nha Trang area). But this concern is not really ethical oriented, aroused due to their health and quality expectations. Environmental issues could also be used to position fish products in Vietnam to some extent. The results may help fish farming companies and marketers to find their target groups among the consumers, based on personal values, lifestyles, health involvement, environmental and fish welfare issues.
Keywords: Values, fish farming, segmentation, fish consumption, Vietnam
This research aimed to explore the value chain of Black tiger shrimp in Cox’sbazar district, Bangladesh. Actors involved in the chain are farmers, wholesalers, commission agents and processors were interviewed by different questionnaires. A total sample size of 48 surveyed households were visited and analyzed for this research. Results showed a map of actors, costs and earnings, employment distribution, facilities and difficulties of each stage.
Farmers, wholesalers, commission agents and processors are the four main actors which contributed directly to shrimp production and influenced the economical value. Others actors Hatchery, nursery, seed collector impacted indirectly to the shrimp production as well as value chain development. The micro level producer, farmers are in worst condition as their revenue and cost share are the highest and the profit share are the lowest against revenue and cost. Other three actors are in same position enjoying with positive profit. Processors did a critical job with some challenges to fulfill the demand of importers.
To upgrade this chain, the actors specially the farmers should be trained up with scientific way, the corruption free environ should be established by government and micro level producers should be empowered to enjoy the perfect competitive market. In addition, wholesalers have to be facilitated with giving loan by government with easy term and conditions.