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Browsing Mastergradsoppgaver i odontologi by Author
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Karlsen, Guro (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Introduction: The Public Dental Service in Norway has changed during the last decades. Dental hygienists have increased in numbers, but how this has influenced the organization of the patient treatment at the clinics is not well known. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the organization of the work-day in the Public Dental Service in Northern Norway in terms of who is being treated and what treatment is being performed. The aim was also to explore how the patients are distributed between dentists and dental hygienists. Method: A self-report questionnaire was sent to dentists and dental hygienists at three different clinics in each of the three northern counties of Norway. Interviews with some of the clinic managers of the participating clinics were also performed. Results: Time spent on each patient was relatively high. Dentists provided mostly reparative treatments on adult population, but with some variation in treatment provided in different counties. Dental hygienists did more preventive treatments on children (aged 0-18). Conclusions: Treatments performed across the three counties were relatively similar. Dentists mainly provide restorative treatments, dominated by dental fillings. Dental hygienists mainly provided examinations and preventive treatments, with the majority of patients being children. Through the study, it clearly appears that patients of age 18 or below dominate the Public Dental Service. This study shows a need for further studies to reveal what future challenges the Public Dental Service is facing in terms of models of organization and delegation of treatments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4230 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (701.2Kb) -
Klaudiussen, Ida Johanne; Niskanen Hansen, Nina Marleena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: You can often hear people within the dental care system in Norway expressing that: “if you take a job in Finnmark you will get to do a lot and gain a lot of experience”. This claim might be based on the fact that there are very few specialists in Finnmark. In addition, low population density with long distances to dental service creates a high degree of independence and self-reliance among dental health personnel in the area. This combined with higher frequency of irregular treatment habits among adults and inferior oral health conditions compared to the rest of the country (St.meld 35) might yield an extra challenge to dentists, particularly in more remote areas of Finnmark. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4231 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (466.1Kb) -
Kobets, Svetlana (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Det finnes ulike oppfatninger angående ortodontisk behandling av tenner som er tidligere rotfylt eller tidligere traumatisert. Noen mener at det finnes mer risiko for resorpsjon ved ortodontisk forflytning av slike tenner enn levende "friske" tenner. Det første målet med dette litteraturstudiet var å se om det finnes vitenskapelige bevis for eventuell risiko for resorpsjon ved ortodontisk forflytning av rotfylte/tidligere traumatiserte tenner. Det andre målet var å finne ut hva praktiserende tannleger mener om temaet. 23 artikler var samlet inn gjennom PubMed og veiledere, samt 6 bøker var valgt fra det Helse- og Naturvitenskapelige Biblioteket ved UiT. Et spørreskjema med påstander ang ortodontisk forflytning av rotfylte tenner og tidligere traumatiserte tenner var delt ut til tannleger/spesialister på Studentklinikken og TkNN. Antall spørreskjema utdelt var 41,og 21 var besvart. Resultatene fra litteraturen var at rotfylte tenner (hvis godt renset og tettet) kan forflyttes med samme sikkerhet som vitale tenner. Når det gjelder tenner med tidligere historie av trauma, så sa mesteparten av litteraturen at det er noe større risiko for resorpsjon ved ortodontisk behandling av slike tenner. Besvarelsene av spørreskjema viste at meningen er delt (50/50) ang mer risiko for resorpsjon av rotfylte tenner. Derimot var de fleste deltakere (95%) enige om at det er mer risikabelt å forflytte tenner med tidligere trauma enn tenner uten trauma. Hovedkonklusjonen er at på grunn av lite tilgjengelige artikler og ingen RCT-studier (randomiserte kontrollerte studier) angående tema diskutert i denne masteroppgaven, trengs det mer forskning for å gjøre opp en sikker mening. Større antall deltakere i spørreundersøkelsen er også ønskelig for å føre resultatene over på allmenheten av praktiserende tannleger i Norge. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4343 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (269.8Kb) -
Krutå, John Arne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: ABSTRACT: Introduction: Some bleaching modalities include an activation process with the utilization of heat or light to enhance the effect of bleaching gel. Aim: To compare the effect of treatment and the contentment among patients having received bleaching therapy with two different approaches. Methods and Materials: Six men and six women ranging from 22 to 61 years of age were included and divided into two groups. Opalescence 10% carbamide peroxide-gel was administrated in individual bleaching trays in Group I for two hours a day for fourteen days and in Group II for two hours a day for fourteen days and 2x1 hour in-office tooth whitening sessions. In Group II, the same bleaching agent and tray was used plus a light activation with an LED-lamp for forty seconds per tooth being treated. Results: Eleven patients completed the study. Group I had an average colour change of –5,36 steps on a modified VITA-scale and Group II –4,30. The patients in Group II seemed to be more satisfied with the treatment outcome compared to the subjects in Group I. Conclusion: Only speculations regarding the outcome of the study can be made. However, it appears as if patients receiving a more advanced bleaching therapy including the use of light become more satisfied with the end result compared to patients receiving at-home based whitening only. This seems to be the case even if patients given at-home bleaching therapy achieve an objectively better end result of the treatment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4211 File(s) in this item: 7
Appendix 1; posters.pdf (35.59Kb)Appendix 3.pdf (79.22Kb)(more files) -
Lange, Martin Bergseng; Thorsteinsson, E. B. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Objective: To understand the dental health challenges of recovered drug addicts, and how the system of oral health rehabilitation works and functions as seen from the perspective of recovered addicts. Basic Design: Semi-structured interviews with seven recovered drug addicts from the city of Tromsø, Norway. The audio from the interviews was transcribed and analysed using NVIVO software. Results: All informants had experienced or were experiencing oral health problems related to their history of drug abuse. These problems adversely affect their quality of life. The care-seeking process was perceived as challenging by some informants; both in the case of obtaining emergency treatment when they were active addicts, and in relation to full oral health rehabilitation when enrolled in drug rehabilitation programs. Also, some groups of addicts were found to be left out of the legislative framework of the system. Conclusion: The system of oral health rehabilitation for recovered drug addicts has undergone legislative changes over the later years. This seems to have made the system somewhat more effective and including, but there are still groups left outside the system that, it could be argued, should be included. Also, challenges exist in conveying to drug addicts the possibilities for financial aid for emergency treatment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4198 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (392.4Kb) -
Lein, Ingvild Årøen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: In this study, a guide for soft tissue surgery has been made, based on a review. The guide should serve as an update and reminder of selected surgical procedures for the general dental practitioner. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4247 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (419.6Kb) -
Mathisen, Linda Kristin Bøe; Eriksen, Christel Bruun (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 08-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out how screening and referring arrangements of patients with malocclusions was working between different dental professional groups in the public dental health services in Troms County. We also wanted to find out to what extent general dentists in Troms County were involved in interceptive orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The study subjects were dental hygienists, dentists and orthodontists in Troms County. All dentists and dental hygienists working in the dental public health care in Troms County were invited to participate in the survey. After several reminders 18 dental hygienists, 39 general dentists and 6 orthodontists responded (total N=63). The data was collected through a questionnaire, which included questions on personal data, orthodontic screening, treatment and referring, and a clinical photo of a unilateral posterior crossbite. Results: The response rate was 64%. The most common age of referring children to orthodontic treatment was at 12-13 years of age. Late referral age (14 years or older) was significantly more often favored by dentists, as compared to the dental hygienists. 71% of dental hygienists preferred referring patients straight to a specialist, and the rest made the decision between dentist and specialist. There was no significant difference (P=0,741) in the approximated number of referrals made by the dentists and dental hygienists. 62% of the dentists and 44% of the hygienists considered that treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite belonged to both dentists and specialists. Almost one third of the dentists reported that they did no orthodontic treatment at all. The most common malocclusion treated by the dentists was unilateral posterior crossbite. The procedures related to orthodontics done by dentists in their daily practice, were screening for malocclusion, preventive palpation of the position of permanent canines and primary tooth extractions due to orthodontic reasons. 83% of the orthodontists consulted dentists regarding interceptive orthodontic treatments and/or planning treatments of patients. Conclusions: The majority of dentists in Troms County were involved in orthodontic treatment, but only to a small extent. Dental hygienists and dentists referred approximately the same number of patients to orthodontic treatment, but general dentists may prioritize later age of referral. Availability of continuing education in orthodontics might enhance the treatment skills and interest in orthodontics among the general practitioners. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4197 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (694.0Kb) -
Mehus, Kristin Elise; Pedersen, Ragnar (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 08-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: En sammenligning av de tre utdanningsprogrammene i odontologi i Norge basert på studieplaner og styrende dokumenter. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4204 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (710.2Kb) -
Mjøsund, Hanne; Wikant, Aksel W. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Several factors will have effect dental restorative materials in the oral environment that can affect the longevity of the material. Today dental composite resin-based materials (CRM) used to a major extent. The monomer mixture is of importance in CRMs and efforts are made to improve the materials by changing the monomer content. The present study investigated the effect of an increasing amount of Ethoxylated Bisphenol-A-Dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) in experimental composite resin-based materials for dental use on the sorption and solubility behavior. Four different polymer mixtures containing Urethane dimethacrylate (UEDMA), Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Bis-glycidyl-dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) Bis-EMA were used. The amount of UEDMA and TEGDMA were stable, while the content of Bis-EMA and Bis-GMA varied. For each group, 6 samples of each material were made for the 3 different storage periods (24 H, 7 and 30 days). The procedure was made according to ISO standard (4049:2009). Water sorption and solubility were calculated and statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey as post hoc (p<0.05). The results showed that water sorption increases with increasing content of Bis-GMA and decreasing content of Bis-EMA. The material containing less Bis-EMA, showed the lowest weight gain after the drying period. That may have a clinical effect on the degradation of the material. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4257 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (461.3Kb) -
Nilsen, Bo Wold; Lund Olsen, Marius (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of the caries disease and post-treatment follow-up are interconnected concepts. The aim of the study was to map out the diagnostic methods available for early caries lesions, the existing non-invasive caries treatment, and in what way the follow-ups of these treatments are conducted. The selection of articles was based on a primary search using the PubMed search engine, including search words associated with the topic. The papers which the primary search yielded were put through several exclusion rounds to limit the number and heighten the relevance of the studies to be included. 13 studies were ultimately chosen: 10 clinical studies, 2 systematic reviews and 1 literature review. The results showed that most of the major diagnostics methods used today, when combined, have high sensitivity and specificity for identifying dentin caries. However, they do not have as high specificity and sensitivity for identifying enamel caries. The treatment modalities examined in this study showed promising results, but most of the treatments investigated are in need of more (gap filling) research and long-term follow-ups. The visual tactile method is still the clinician’s most valuable diagnostic tool for identifying caries in general. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4229 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (384.5Kb) -
Nilsen, Lill Katrin; Eidissen, Marit (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Introduction: Dentists give dental treatment with resin-based materials to patients every day, and these materials are known to contain several substances that may cause unwanted reactions in human. Possible reactions in a shorter time limit are contact allergy and toxic contact dermatitis. Some plastic materials are also known to release substances which may have an estrogenic effect. Aim: The aim of this master thesis was to explore by a literature research the risk for the patient getting adverse reactions when treated with resin-based materials. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were acquired through a search in PubMed for adverse reactions and resin-based materials. Three relevant articles were found. Results and Discussion: Dental resin-based materials used for restoring of lost tooth substance contain reactive substances (e.g. methacrylates, initiators etc.). Precautions should be taken in all patients to decrease the leakage and direct exposure of these substances. This should be considered when the patient has a known allergy. Dentures and orthodontic baseplates may contain Phtalates and Bisphenol A, known as xenoestrogens. The amount of released substances is, however, considered to be low and therefore adverse effects in patients may be rare. The dentist should be aware of that, and know what to tell the patient when a concern about this comes up. Still, the awareness and knowledge of adverse effects toward those materials are limited and more clinical studies are needed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4205 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (758Kb) -
Nygårdsvoll, Marianne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Bonding materials are essential for modern restorative dentistry (i.e composite restorations and composite cements). Leakage from composite resin-based materials has been investigated and it is shown that 5-10 % of the residual monomers are released within the first seven days from the moment the restauration is made. Studies has also stated that monomer leakage can be a problem for patients and dental personal, and allergies can occur. Only a few studies have been focused on the degradation and erosion process of bonding materials. Since bonding agents are insufficiently studied concerning leakage of monomers, the aim of this study was to investigate leakage of monomers from bonding materials after light curing by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The MS-instrument was equipped with an Electron Ionization (EI) and a Chemical Ionisation (CI) ion source that enabled to choose the most sensitive and selective method for the different compounds. Compounds with polar functional groups (i.e. –OH groups) were derivatized and analysed as their trimethyl silyl ethers. The light cured materials were immersed in water and in ethanol. In both cases the analysis demonstrated the leakage of several different compounds, even compounds that were not listed in the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) of the actual bonding material. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4212 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.096Mb) -
Osen, Trond Bjørvik; Astrup, Ina Iselin; Knutssøn, Carl Haavard (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Aim and hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to evaluate Biodentine™ as a root-end filling. The working hypothesis is that Biodentine™ provides apical bacterial seal as MTA when applied in root-end filling therapy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4256 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (3.877Mb) -
Paulsen, Linda; Strindberg, Anette (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Several studies conducted in the latest decades in Norway have shown a remarkable decrease in the edentulous population. This along with the overall increase in the number of elderly presents tremendous challenges for the healthcare system in the future. Dementia is a condition that further complicates the oral health situation in the elderly population. In this pilot study we wanted to investigate whether there were any differences in the oral health status between the demented and the non-demented patients living in a nursing home in northern Norway. Looking at the dental records of 28 subjects we concluded that there were no differences of statistical significance related to dementia between the two groups. However, we could investigate other aspects such as geographical differences, age and gender, and comparing our results to former studies in Norway. Many of the dental records lacked information about health, medication and dental status. This not only makes it difficult to conduct a study, but could also compromise the ability of a dental practitioner to offer the correct treatment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4196 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (197.1Kb) -
Pedersen, Camilla; Steffenakk, Siv; Henriksen, Sara Anette; Thon, Elizabeth (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Intraoral radiographs are important tools for diagnosing, monitoring and evaluating the treatment of infrabony lesions. However, different beam angulations between exposures may give a wrong interpretation when evaluating them. A technique that is useful for monitoring bone loss and regeneration is the use of subtraction radiography. This technique is also very sensitive for changes in projection geometry, thus highly standardized radiographs are required. Previous attempts have been made to standardize and individualize vertical bitewing holders in conventional radiographs by Duckworth et al. (1983). The aim of the present study was to develop a similar system for digital radiographs that can be used on a routine basis with minimal effort in the clinic in the case of infrabony and furcational lesions. The radiographs were also tested for the subtraction technique. For this study, vertical bitewings with an aiming device were employed. Wire markers were incorporated into the holders to enable measurements of angular variations and an occlusal index was used for individualization. The radiographs were taken on phantom heads. In total, 2 sets of measurements on 36 exposures were compared. Radiographs with a difference in projection geometry within 2 degrees were found to be acceptable for using the subtraction technique. 58% of the comparisons lie within this limit, both horizontally and vertically. It was concluded that by knowing which distances correspond to which degrees, the technique can easily be used in a clinical setting. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4252 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (5.524Mb) -
Rikardsen, Maria Amalie; Vesterdal, Silje Camilla (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Crowns, bridges, removable dentures and other dental appliances are custom-made medical devices and are subject to specific legislation. The EU directive 93/42 on medical devices constitutes the legislation that regulates dental laboratory custom-made medical devices. This paper investigates how importers of dental laboratory custom-made devices perform quality control and if the legal requirements for information about the medical device are being followed. Questionnaires were sent to eleven dental laboratories and conveyers who advertise import of dental laboratory custom-made devices. Seven replied. Statements that are to accompany dental laboratory custom-made medical devices were collected from Universitetstannklinikken at the University of Tromsø to investigate if they were filled out in accordance with the legal requirements. Although the legislation demands specific labeling of the custom-made devices, this is not adequately performed by the dental technicians. The law is general in its formulations and has its shortcomings in the daily clinical work of dentists and dental technicians. The existing Norwegian guidelines are outdated in some areas. Updated and more specific guidelines can be a helpful tool for dentists and technicians. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4253 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.098Mb) -
Sørli, Ida Kathrine Birkelund; Torsdatter, Kristine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Aims: The purpose of our study is to systematically review the literature concerning prevalence, risk factors and diagnostics of TMD in children and adolescents in order to find methods for early detection. Through our study we hope to direct dentists to an evidence-based approach concerning children and adolescents by making a screening guideline. Material and methods: Systematic search of the dental literature was performed via Pubmed and using Google search engine. Unsystematic search was done in “Svenske tandläkartidningen”. Search terms used were for instance: “TMD children”, “TMD pain”, “Temporomandibular dysfunction children” and “Temporomandibular dysfunction adolescent”. The primary selection of articles was based on the articles title and abstract. After reading the articles the articles which were relevant for our review were chosen. Conclusions: The prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents is difficult to establish. There are several risk factors that can be used for predicting signs and symptoms of TMD in adult age, but they cannot be used for predicting manifest TMD. Diagnostics can be based on questions and clinical evaluation, the Clinical Dysfunction Index (Di) and/or the Research Diagnostic criteria (RDC/TMD). More research needs to be done, and the studies should use the same diagnostic criteria, examination methods and population sampling so that the articles are comparable. Keywords: temporomandibular dysfunction, children and adolescents, prevalence, risk factors, diagnostics URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4195 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (436.1Kb) -
Tran, Huy Quoc; Jenssen, Lotte (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 09-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: In this literature study, a classification of severe discolorations and a summary over the options for different dental treatments have been described. Various causes of these severe discolorations are presented and how the mechanisms behind tooth discolorations affect the outcome of a treatment or treatment options. Finally, the aesthetic outcome of a possible bleaching treatment of the different classified discolorations is discussed. In the management of patients with stained teeth it is very important to know and understand the mechanisms behind tooth discolorations as well as the clinical features of different types of tooth staining, in order to make a correct diagnosis. The teeth are an integrated part of facial aesthetics and are involved in a complex social, cultural and psychological interaction. For people with severe discolorations, bleaching can be an important and valuable treatment. Brown and yellow staining are easier to change compared to grey and blue stains which are mostly resistant to bleaching. Discolorations located in the gingival area have a poor prognosis. However, recent research has shown that for example tetracycline-stained teeth that often have a grey-blue staining may demand longer bleaching treatments, from one to 12 months, but it is almost impossible to predict the result of such a treatment. Clinical research has shown that it is best to try bleaching first, as a patient may be pleased with the outcome of this treatment and thus the need for veneers or replacement with full crowns will be eliminated. There are no guidelines telling the dental practitioner when it is correct to carry out bleaching or operative treatment. Therefore, in cases with aesthetic problems, it is important to understand the self-perceived opinion of the patient in the treatment planning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4210 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.442Mb) -
Tvermyr, Kathrine; Hoem, Anna Frydendal; Elde, Kine Marlén (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Abstract Background: Dental anxiety is a prevalent issue which every dental practitioner will face. As dental anxiety involves personal consequences for the affected patients - as well as hampering the clinical performance of the dental profession – this matter should be taken seriously and dealt with accordingly. The treatment of dental anxiety thus should be within the competence of the general practitioner. Aims: To systematically review the literature concerning treatment of adult fearful and anxious patients, in order to find strategies to empower both patient and dentist in the clinical situation. Our hypothesis is that there are measures a general dentist can take to ease the dental treatment of fearful patients. Our goal is to present the general dentist approaches regarding identification and care of these patients. Material and methods: Systematic search of the literature was performed via Pubmed and using Google search engine. We used search terms such as: “dental anxiety”, “fearful dental patients”, “etiology of dental fear” and “adult fearful patients.” The primary selection of articles, books and doctoral theses was based on their title abstract, and time of publication. The inclusion criteria were Scandinavian and English publications presenting knowledge about etiology, prevalence and clinical management of dental anxiety in adults. We also performed interviews with anxious patients at the TkNN (Tannhelsetjenestens kompetansesenter for Nord-Norge). Conclusions: Identifying anxious dental patients can be achieved by the use of a semi-structured interview and/or through psychometric questionnaires, such as Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Dental Belief Survey (DBS) and Dental Fear Survey (DFS). There are both general and specific approaches to treating dental anxiety, as well as pharmacological aids. The method of choice should be adapted to the patient’s prerequisites and individual needs. Even though much can be accomplished by the general dentist, some patients may have very complex and comprehensive problems and need care from a specialist. Keywords: dental anxiety, adult anxious patients, identification, treating dental anxiety, behavioral and cognitive approaches URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4240 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (554.4Kb) -
Vestjord, Maria; Kjøløymo, Tina; Nerdal, Anne Marte (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: A major dilemma is that pain free dental treatment using local anaesthesia (LA) is of main importance for avoiding dental fear and anxiety (DFA) at the same time as intraoral injections are strongly associated with DFA. Well-educated dentists and dental hygienists, with a variety of techniques and approaches available, are important to give the patient receiving LA a perception of control. The purpose of this study was to see if clinicians in Norway have heard about, and uses, the steps of anaesthesia (SA) or other forms of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Are there any differences between clinics with (university clinics) and clinics without students from the University in Tromsø in external practise? A questionnaire was sent out using Questback.com to dentists and hygienists in selected clinics in Northern Norway. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4254 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (673.8Kb)
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