Institutt for psykologi

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Institutt for psykologi

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• Artikler, rapporter og annet (psykologi) [35]
• Hovedoppgaver til cand.psychol.graden [28]
• Mastergradsoppgaver i psykologi [27]

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• Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on experimentally induced heat pain in healthy volunteers

  Vasylenko, Olena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-May-2012)

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  Abstract:

  Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that can reduce pain. Its side effects are milder than those of pharmacological treatments, and its analgesic effect on chronic pain has been demonstrated. In this study we investigated 1) the effects of anodal tDCS on pain intensity and threshold, 2) the placebo component of tDCS analgesic effect, and 3) whether stress and negative affect moderate the analgesic effect of tDCS. Sixty-four participants (32 females) received three blocks of heat stimuli, 43° C, 45° C, and 47° C in each block. The treatment group received anodal tDCS of 2 mA intensity for 7 minutes, the placebo group received sham stimulation for 30 seconds, and the natural history group received painful stimuli only. Participants rated pain intensity with CoVAS. Threshold was measured before the first and after the last block. Subjective stress was measured by two SACL items, and negative affect was measured by FPQ, PANAS, and BFI questionnaires. Compared to no treatment, tDCS reduced pain by 28%, for 47° C stimuli only. Compared to sham stimulation, tDCS reduced pain by 11%, but this reduction was only marginally significant. There was no placebo response, and no effect of tDCS on pain threshold. Fear of medical pain predicted pain reduction by tDCS, higher fear of medical pain was associated with larger pain reduction. Our findings confirm and extend those of earlier experimental and clinical studies.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5152

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (1.423Mb)
• Seksuelle script i norske swingers-miljøer. En kvalitativ intervjustudie.

  Bentzen, Anne Sofie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 27-Apr-2012)

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  Abstract:

  Formålet med denne studien var fra en fenomenologisk tilnærming å utforske swinging i en norsk kontekst, med fokus på hvilke seksuelle script som gjelder i swinging på ulike sosiale arenaer. Kvalitative intervjuer med seks menn og seks kvinner ble gjennomført. Av informantene var det fem par, en gift mann og en singel kvinne, rekruttert fra internettgrupper for swingere. En semi-strukturert intervjuguide ble brukt. Informantens opplevelse av fenomenet swinging ble vektlagt, med en bakenforliggende forståelse i tråd med Schutz teori om multiple virkeligheter. Sjalusi ble ikke rapportert som et vanlig problem. Mulighet til å utforske egen seksualitet, se sin partner ha sex med andre, samt styrket selvbilde, ble rapportert som positive følger. Negative holdninger til mannlig biseksualitet, frykt for seksuelt overførbare infeksjoner og nødvendighet av hemmelighold, ble rapportert som problematiske følger av livsstilen. Det valide seksuelle scriptet i swingerskulturen var tydelig beskrevet innenfor rammene av swingers-klubbene, og fysiske tilnærmelser hadde hovedrollen i de interpersonlige script. På private arenaer lånte swingers-scriptet elementer fra tilgjengelige script utenfor denne subkulturen, som venne- og kjærestescript i varierende grad. Informantene opplevde at deres fantasier og etablerte intrapsykiske script fikk utløp i atferd på swingers-arenaen. De mente at swinging hadde positiv effekt både for dem personlig, og for deres parforhold. De negative effektene som ble rapportert hadde liten effekt på opplevd livskvalitet.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5150

  File(s) in this item: 2

  1_thesis.pdf   (110.8Kb)

  thesis.pdf   (734.5Kb)
• The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) in Norwegian clinical and non-clinical samples

  Skre, Ingunn; Friborg, Oddgeir; Elgarøy, Sigmund; Evans, Chris; Myklebust, Lars Henrik Ryther; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Sørgaard, Knut; Hansen, Vidje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)

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  Abstract:

  Background The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a 34-item instrument developed to monitor clinically significant change in out-patients. The CORE-OM covers four domains: well-being, problems/symptoms, functioning and risk, and sums up in two total scores: the mean of All items, and the mean of All non-risk items. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translation of the CORE-OM. Methods A clinical sample of 527 out-patients from North Norwegian specialist psychiatric services, and a non-clinical sample of 464 persons were obtained. The non-clinical sample was a convenience sample consisting of friends and family of health personnel, and of students of medicine and clinical psychology. Students also reported psychological stress. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed in half the clinical sample. Confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses modelling the theoretical sub-domains were performed in the remaining half of the clinical sample. Internal consistency, means, and gender and age differences were studied by comparing the clinical and non-clinical samples. Stability, effect of language (Norwegian versus English), and of psychological stress was studied in the sub-sample of students. Finally, cut-off scores were calculated, and distributions of scores were compared between clinical and non-clinical samples, and between students reporting stress or no stress. Results The results indicate that the CORE-OM both measures general (g) psychological distress and sub-domains, of which risk of harm separates most clearly from the g factor. Internal consistency, stability and cut-off scores compared well with the original English version. No, or only negligible, language effects were found. Gender differences were only found for the well-being domain in the non-clinical sample and for the risk domain in the clinical sample. Current patient status explained differences between clinical and non-clinical samples, also when gender and age were controlled for. Students reporting psychological distress during last week scored significantly higher than students reporting no stress. These results further validate the recommended cut-off point of 1 between clinical and non-clinical populations. Conclusions The CORE-OM in Norwegian has psychometric properties at the same level as the English original, and could be recommended for general clinical use. A cut-off point of 1 is recommended for both genders. Keywords: Outcome measure; CORE-OM; Translation; Reliability; Confirmatory factor analysis

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5072

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (422.7Kb)
• Form follows function: pragmatic controlled trials (PCTs) have to answer different questions and require different designs than randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

  Porzsolt, Franz; Wyers, Peter; Eisemann, Martin; Habs, Michael (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  Rising concern for demonstrated real world comparative effectiveness has heightened interest in “pragmatic trials” design. Pragmatic trials investigate whether the efficacy, presumed or found in explanatory trials under ideal conditions, can also be detected under real world conditions, i.e. effectiveness. It is also recognized that ‘real world’ effects which are usually addressed in public health research gain growing interest in confirming the ‘road capability’ of results obtained under ideal study conditions. This paper demonstrates that studies under ideal or real world conditions use different methods, generate different information and cannot replace each other. The PCT design meets four requirements of public health and of effectiveness research. It includes all individuals who presented with the selected condition. It classifies the included individuals according to baseline risks. It enables plausibility controls. Finally, it compares the outcomes resulting from specified and not-specified interventions or treatments. We propose a pragmatic controlled trial (PCT) design in which patient preference and other co-factors crucial in determining the actual effectiveness of interventional options will not be neutralized by concealed randomization and blinding. This design is applicable to record the selected interventions and generated outcomes in day-to-day health care and is capable of incorporating preference and other participative factors into assessment of effectiveness. The PCT design is useful for public health research, e.g. the effectiveness of interventions to change smoking habits or to prevent death from breast cancer, as well as for comparative effectiveness research where it will supplement the traditional randomized controlled trial (RCT).

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4960

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (246.6Kb)
• IQ as a moderator of outcome in severity of children's mental health status after treatment in outpatient clinics

  Mathiassen, Børge Idar; Brøndbo, Per Håkan; Waterloo, Knut; Martinussen, Monica; Eriksen, Mads; Hanssen-Bauer, Ketil; Kvernmo, Siv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for mental health disorders, but even with the most efficacious treatment, many patients do not experience improvement. Moderator analysis can identify the conditions under which treatment is effective or whether there are factors that can attenuate the effects of treatment. In this study, linear mixed model analysis was used to examine whether the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Edition, moderated outcomes in general functioning and symptom load. A total of 132 patients treated at three outpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) were assessed at three different time points. The Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) were used to measure the severity of impairments in general functioning and symptom load. IQ was assessed at the start of treatment. Moderator analysis revealed that the FSIQ × time interaction predicted changes in CGAS scores (p < .01), and that the PIQ × time interaction predicted changes in HoNOSCA scores (p < .05). The slopes and intercepts in HoNOSCA scores covaried negatively and significantly (p < .05). The same pattern was not detected for the CGAS scores (p = .08). FISQ and PIQ moderated change in general functioning and symptom load, respectively. This implies that patients with higher IQ scores had a steeper improvement slope than those with lower scores. The patients with the highest initial symptom loads showed the greatest improvement, this pattern was not found in the improvement of general functioning.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4959

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (206.1Kb)

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