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dc.contributor.advisorReigstad, Marit
dc.contributor.authorRandelhoff, Achim
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-18T12:08:21Z
dc.date.available2017-04-18T12:08:21Z
dc.date.issued2017-03-16
dc.description.abstractUpward mixing of remineralized nutrients is essential for photosynthesis in the upper ocean. Weak vertical mixing, which restricts nutrient supply, and sea ice, which leads to low light levels, conspire to severely inhibit marine primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. However, little has been known about their relative contributions. No large-scale quantitative estimates of the vertical nutrient supply had previously been presented, which has impeded an understanding of its role in shaping the ecology and carbon cycle of the Arctic Ocean. In order to estimate the vertical flux of nitrate into the surface layer in contrasting hydrographic and dynamic regimes, profiles of turbulent microstructure and nitrate concentrations were measured as part of a number of cruises and ice camps in the area extending from eastern Fram Strait into the Nansen Basin. These have been supplemented with obervations of the seasonal nutrient cycle at a mooring in the same area, and a reanalysis of available data on nitrate concentrations and turbulent mixing in other parts of the central Arctic Ocean. Hydrography was found to be the biggest driver of variability in nitrate fluxes. Strong stratification, wherever encountered, restricted nitrate supply, often in concert with concurrently weak turbulent mixing, both in the seasonal nitracline (0.3–0.7 mmol N m-2 d-1) and the deep basin (0.01–0.2 mmol N m-2 d-1). Thus deep winter mixing supplies the bulk of the nitrate pool on the relatively productive shelves (e.g. 2.5 mmol N m-2 d-1 in the inflow of Atlantic Water during winter), but in the strongly stratified Canadian Basin, fluxes are low year-round (on the order of 0.01 mmol N m-2 d-1) and place a tight limit on new production. Only the weakly stratified Atlantic derived water in the Nansen Basin close to Fram Strait seems to have a certain potential to support future increases in new production under a seasonal ice cover.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractThe growth of small organisms floating in the ocean surface provides food to bigger marine animals and helps remove carbon from the atmosphere. This so-called phytoplankton needs light to grow, but also nutrients. In the Arctic Ocean, both are scarce due to sea ice, which blocks sunlight, and weak upward mixing of new nutrients. It is not clear which of these two factors is currently limiting the productivity as few large-scale estimates of vertical nutrient fluxes have existed previously. Randelhoff and colleagues participated in a number of expeditions to the Arctic Ocean onboard icebreakers to measure both nitrate concentrations, a key nutrient, and how fast it is being mixed upward. They found that strong stratification, that is the ability of the water to resist vertical mixing, lead to weak nitrate fluxes and overall very limited nutrient availability. Therefore, even when summer sea ice at some point melts completely due to climate change, large areas of the Arctic will probably not support more marine life than they do now.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNFR-prosjekt Carbon Bridge (https://www.forskningsradet.no/prosjektbanken/#!/project/226415/no)en_US
dc.descriptionThe paper III of this thesis is not available in Munin. <br> Paper III: Randelhoff, A., Fer, I., Sundfjord, A.: “Turbulent upper-ocean mixing affected by meltwater layers during Arctic summer”. (Manuscript). Published version available in <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0200.1> J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2017, 47:835–853. </a>en_US
dc.identifier.isbn9788282362535
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10948
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/POLARPROG/226415/Jurisdiction/CarbonBridge//en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2017 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497en_US
dc.titleVertical nitrate fluxes in the Arctic Oceanen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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