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Investigating variation in island effects: A case study of Norwegian extraction

Permanent link
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13111
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-017-9390-z
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Date
2017-11-27
Type
Journal article
Tidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed

Author
Kush, Dave Whitney; Lohndal, Terje; Sprouse, Jonathan
Abstract
We present a series of large-scale formal acceptability judgment studies that explored Norwegian island phenomena in order to follow up on previous observations that speakers of Mainland Scandinavian languages like Norwegian accept violations of certain island constraints that are unacceptable in most languages cross-linguistically. We tested the acceptability of wh-extraction from five island types: whether-, complex NP, subject, adjunct, and relative clause (RC) islands. We found clear evidence of subject and adjunct island effects on wh-extraction. We failed to find evidence that Norwegians accept wh-extraction out of complex NPs and RCs. Our participants judged wh-extraction from complex NPs and RCs to be just as unacceptable as subject and adjunct island violations. The pattern of effects in Norwegian paralleled island effects that recent experimental work has documented in other languages like English and Italian (Sprouse et al. 2012, 2016). Norwegian judgments consistently differed from prior findings for one island type: whether-islands. Our results reveal that Norwegians exhibit significant inter-individual variation in their sensitivity to whether-island effects, with many participants exhibiting no sensitivity to whether-island violations whatsoever. We discuss the implications of our findings for universalist approaches to island constraints. We also suggest ways of reconciling our results with previous observations, and offer a systematic experimental framework in which future research can investigate factors that govern apparent island insensitivity.
Description
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Natural language & linguistic theory. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-017-9390-z.
Publisher
Springer Verlag (Germany)
Citation
Kush, D., Lohndal, T. & Sprouse, J. (2017). Investigating variation in island effects: A case study of Norwegian extraction. Natural language & linguistic theory, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-017-9390-z
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