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dc.contributor.advisorHansen, John-Bjarne
dc.contributor.authorHøiland, Ina Isabella
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-12T11:31:56Z
dc.date.available2019-04-12T11:31:56Z
dc.date.issued2019-04-02
dc.description.abstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with serious short- and long-term complications. VTE is a collective term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and is the third most common cardiovascular disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite preventive strategies, the incidence of VTE has been stable or increasing slightly during the last decades, affecting 1-2 per 1000 individuals each year. Identifying new biomarkers and unraveling underlying mechanisms might help diminish the health burden of VTE. The complement system is a cascade system similar to the coagulation system. The two systems have a high degree of crosstalk and are activated together in many conditions. Polyphosphates (polyPs) are naturally occurring, highly anionic linear polymers of monophosphate units. Short-Chained (SC)-PolyPs are stored and secreted from platelets upon stimulation and are reported to inhibit complement activation and to facilitate propagation of coagulation activation under experimental conditions. This indicates that SC-polyP might modulate the possible link between the two systems, and play a role in the pathogenesis of VTE. The main goals of this thesis were to assess the association between complement activation and VTE risk, and to investigate the role of SC-polyPs in the activation of these two systems. In paper I, we performed a case-control study to investigate the association between potential complement activity and VTE risk. We found that individuals with high potential activity of the classical pathway of the complement system and individuals with MBL deficiency had higher risk for VTE. In paper II, we conducted a nested-case-control study derived from a population-based cohort (The Tromsø Study) to investigate the relationship between complement activation and future risk of VTE. We found that high degree of complement activation, assessed by plasma terminal complement complex (TCC), was associated with increased risk of VTE, and especially unprovoked VTE. Results from the whole blood model in Paper III showed that SC-polyPs had the ability to activate FXII and did not alter E.coli-induced complement activation. Our findings suggest that complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of VTE, and that SC-polyP might initiate coagulation activation via FXII without affect complement activation.en_US
dc.description.abstractVenøs blodpropp eller venøs tromboembolisme (VTE) er en sykdom med alvorlige komplikasjoner. VTE er en fellesbetegnelse for dyp venetrombose (DVT) og lungeemboli (LE) og er verdens tredje vanligste hjerte- og karsykdom. Til tross for økt fokus på forebygging har forekomsten vært stabil (om lag 1.5 per 1000 innbyggere årlig) eller økende de siste tiårene. Identifiseringen av nye biomarkører kan gi økt forståelse av sykdomsmekanismene ved VTE og bidra til bedre risikostratifisering av sykdommen, som igjen kan redusere de helsemessige konsekvensene. Komplementsystemet er viktig del av vårt immunsystemet. Det er et kaskade system som kan sammenlignes med koagulasjonssystemet, og aktiveringer av de to systemene påvirker hverandre i mange situasjoner. Polyfosfater er naturlige negativ ladede polymerere bestående av monofosfat. Kort kjedede polyfosfater blir utskilt av aktiverte blod plater. Disse er rapportert å hemme komplementsystemet og å fremme koagulasjons aktivering. Dette tilsier at polyfosfater kan modifisere samspillet mellom komplement- og koagulasjonssystemene. Hovedmålet med denne avhandlingen var å utforske sammenhengen mellom komplementsystemet og risikoen for VTE, i tillegg til å utforske betydningen av kort kjeda polyfosfat i aktiveringen av de to systemene. I artikkel I gjorde vi en kasus-kontroll studie for å undersøke om den potensielle aktiveringen av de ulike aktiveringsveiene i komplementsystemet var assosiert med risikoen for VTE. Vi fant at individer med høy potensiell aktivitet i den klassiske veien av komplement systemet og individer med MBL defekt hadde en høyere risiko for VTE. I artikkel II gjorde vi en nøsta kasus kontroll studie, med deltagere fra Tromsøundersøkelsen, for å utforske om komplement aktivering var assosiert med VTE risiko. Vi fant at individer med høy komplement aktivering (TCC) hadde en høyere risiko for VTE. Fra fullblods modellen i artikkel III fant vi at kort kjeda polyfosfater aktiverte FXII av koagulasjons systemet, men påvirket ikke E.coli-indusert komplement aktivering. Våre resultater tyder på at komplementsystemet kan spille en rolle i sykdomsmekanismene ved VTE, og at kort kjeda polyfosfater aktiverer koagulasjonssystemet via FXII.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with serious short- and long-term complications. VTE is a collective term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and is the third most common cardiovascular disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite preventive strategies, the incidence of VTE has been stable or increasing slightly during the last decades, affecting 1-2 per 1000 individuals each year. Identifying new biomarkers and underlying mechanisms might ease the health burden of VTE. The complement system is an important part of our immune defense system, and is a cascade system similar to the coagulation system. These two systems have a high degree of crosstalk and are activated together in many conditions, such as fighting infections. Short-Chained (SC)-PolyPs are secreted from platelets when they are stimulated and there linear polymers, are reported to inhibit the complement- and to activate the coagulation system. This indicates that SC-polyP might modulate the possible link between the two systems, and play a role in the formation of a VTE. The main goals of this thesis were to assess the association between complement activation and VTE risk, and to investigate the role of SC-polyPs in the activation of these two systems. We found that individuals that had a potential of a high activity of one part of the complement system, and individuals with deficiency in another part of the complement system had higher risk for VTE. In addition, we found that high degree of complement activation was associated with increased risk of VTE. We also showed that SC-polyPs had the ability to activate the coagulation system through the pathway associated with thrombus formation, whereas it did not inhibit the complement system. Our findings suggest that complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of VTE, and that SC-polyP, might initiate coagulation activation without affect complement activation.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipStiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-7589-778-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/15201
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Høiland, I.I., Liang, R.A., Hindberg, K., Latysheva, N., Brekke, O.L., Mollnes, T.E. & Hansen, J.B. (2018). Associations between complement pathways activity, mannose-binding lectin, and odds of unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Thrombosis Research, 169</i>, 50-56. Also available at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14424>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14424</a>. <p>Paper II: Høiland, I.I., Liang, R.A., Brækkan, S.K., Pettersen, K., Ludviksen, J.K., Latysheva, N., … Hansen, J.B. Complement Activation Assessed by the Plasma Terminal Complement Complex and Future Risk of Venous Thromboembolism. (Submitted manuscript). <p>Paper III: Høiland, I.I., Sovershaev, T., Liang, R.A., Latysheva, N., Jensen, S.B., Brekke, O.L., … Hansen, J.B. The Effect of Short-Chained Polyphosphates on the Coagulation and Complement Systems in a Human Whole Blood Model. (Manuscript).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2019 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-003
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750en_US
dc.titleRole of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Venous Thromboembolismen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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