• Abridged risk information: Effects of warning labels on snus packages 

      Nilsen, Connie Villemo (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-02-28)
      <i>Background</i> - We screened the sparse literature on how health warnings on snus products affect risk perception and use intentions, and contributed with two experimental studies on the topic.<p> <p><i> Methods</i> - First, we examined previous studies on health warnings on smokeless tobacco in a systematic review, studied the manipulations in exposure studies, and systematized the outcome ...
    • Academic performance and student dropout. Results from two studies in upper secondary and higher education in Northern Norway 

      Sæle, Rannveig Grøm (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-08-19)
      Education is important for the individual and for society. One of the most important and stable predictors of educational dropout is academic performance, typically measured by grades. This thesis aims to investigate factors related to academic performance and student dropout. It comprises two projects. The first project, Young Will (Ung vilje), is based on a sample of adolescents entering upper ...
    • Accelerometer-measured physical activity in Norwegian adolescents. Results from The Fit Futures Study 

      Beldo, Sigurd (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-16)
      This thesis examined the prevalence and patterns of accelerometer-measured physical activity in a cohort of urban-rural older adolescents in Northern Norway, participating in the Fit Futures Study. The thesis also assessed the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measurements, and explored the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and subsequent ...
    • Active Placebo - The relation of treatment expectancies to active analgesic treatments 

      Bjørkedal, Espen (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-11-25)
      The placebo analgesic effect refers to the improvement in a group receiving an inert treatment compared to a group receiving no treatment. Conversely, nocebo hyperalgesia refers to the worsening in a group receiving an inert treatment compared to a no treatment control group. The hypothesis that active treatments, e.g. a drug, enhance the placebo effect has received some support but rarely been ...
    • Activity related pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders : an explorative study 

      Damsgård, Elin (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-02-26)
      Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem and a major cause for disability pension in Norway. Increased pain and fear related to general activity and exercise may be a barrier to rehabilitation of patients with chronic muscular-skeletal disorders. <br>The aim of the present research was to investigate the occurrence of activity related pain, and to explore its association with fear, ...
    • The ACUFLASH study. Acupuncture treatment for postmenopausal hot flashes : can traditional Chinese acupuncture in addition to self-care reduce hot flash frequency and intensity, compared with self-care alone? 

      Borud, Einar Kristian (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-04-16)
      Introduction. Hot flashes and night sweats are the most prevalent symptoms in menopause. Hormone therapy with oestrogen is considered the most effective treatment. However, recent research show that long term use of oestrogen increases the risk of serious adverse effects, and women and their health care providers are looking for alternatives. Acupuncture is one of the most frequently used complementary ...
    • Acupuncture for postoperative morbidities in children, and placebo by proxy 

      Liodden, Ingrid (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-04-29)
      Acupuncture may be beneficial for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children and is associated with minor adverse events. The two RCTs in this dissertation investigated the effects of acupuncture by means of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial design. Placebo effects are affected by patient expectancy towards the treatment. The present survey explored the placebo effects ...
    • Acute heart failure syndromes : treatment, outcomes and pathophysiological aspects of inflammation and vascular function 

      Hermansen, Stig Eggen (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-11-01)
      Akutt hjertesvikt, spesielt ved sirkulatorisk kollaps, er en dramatisk tilstand med høy dødelighet. Forekomsten av akutt hjertesvikt er økende og tilgjengelig kunnskap om sykdomsmekanismene samt medisinsk behandling er begrenset.De siste tiår har det vært en revolusjonerende utvikling i behandlingen av og overlevelsen ved iskemisk hjertesykdom og akutt hjerteinfarkt. Tilsvarende utvikling har det ...
    • Acute intermittent porphyria. Inflammation, diet and biomarkers in acute intermittent porphyria 

      Storjord, Elin (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-01-22)
      Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disease with lowered function of the enzyme hydroxymethylbilan synthase due to mutation in this gene of the heme synthesis. The resulting excess of aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen can result in acute abdominal pain, paresis, fatigue, increased risk for kidney failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some drugs, ...
    • Adolescents and self-harm. A study of factors associated with suicide and use of health care services following self-harm in national representative populations of Norwegian adolescents 

      Fadum, Elin Anita (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-01-11)
      This thesis uses data recorded in Norwegian governmental health registers, as well as data collected in a nationwide school survey carried out in Norway, to study risk factors for suicide and factors associated with the use of health services following self-harm in adolescents. Paper I examined suicide in a population of half a million men with physician-diagnosed minor or major mental health ...
    • Adolescents´ lifestyle and bone health. The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures 

      Winther, Anne (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-12-16)
      Med data fra folkehelseundersøkelsen Fit Futures har vi sammenlignet norske ungdommers beintetthet med internasjonale referanseverdier og undersøkt sammenhengen mellom livsstilsfaktorer og beintetthet. Til tross for at Norges eldre er på verdenstoppen når det gjelder beinskjørhet (osteoporose) og beinbrudd, har dagens ungdommer like høy eller høyere beintetthet som jevngamle ungdommer i Europa ...
    • Advanced flow cytometry to study signaling pathways and predict outcome in B cell malignancies 

      Blix, Egil Støre (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-01-16)
    • Advanced methods in reproductive medicine: Application of optical nanoscopy, artificial intelligence-assisted quantitative phase microscopy and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers to assess human sperm cells 

      Popova, Daria (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-22)
      Declined fertility rate and population is a matter of serious concern, especially in the developed nations. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have provided great hope for infertility treatment and maintaining population growth and social structure. With the help of ART, more than 8 million babies have already been born so far. Despite the worldwide ...
    • Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Effects of Chemotherapy and Impact on Health Related Quality of Life 

      Helbekkmo, Nina (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2009-03-13)
      Avhandlingen presenterer behandlingseffekt, bivirkninger og livskvalitet hos lungekreftpasienter som får moderne cellegiftbehandling. Pasientene med performance status (PS) 2 er etterpå vurdert separat. <br><br>Avhandlingens tittel er ”Advanced non-small cell Lung Cancer – Effects of Chemotherapy and Impact on Health Related Quality of Life”. Den ble forsvart for graden PhD 13.03.2009. På verdensbasis ...
    • Advanced topical delivery systems for membrane-active antimicrobials. Exploring nature to improve antimicrobial wound therapy 

      Hemmingsen, Lisa Myrseth (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-11-11)
      Currently, approximately 2% of the general population will experience at least one chronic wound throughout their lifetime. The numbers are expected to rise due to an aging population with a heightened disease burden. These wounds are major burdens for the patients; therefore, we need to find innovative approaches for bacterial eradication and improved wound treatment. We aimed to utilize nature’s ...
    • Advancing Quantitative PET Imaging with Machine Learning 

      Kuttner, Samuel (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-05-28)
      Medical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) plays an important role in the detection, staging, and treatment response assessment in cancer, neurological and cardiovascular conditions, inflammation and infection. PET imaging is based on measuring the distribution of injected radioactive tracers, designed to follow specific biological pathways. One of the main advantages with PET is that ...
    • Adverse events as a measure of patient safety in cancer care 

      Haukland, Ellinor Christin (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-11)
      “First, do no harm” is a fundamental element of health care and considered indistinguishable from the delivery of quality in health care. While cancer care has become more effective, it has also become more complex consequently increasing the risk for harm. We have assessed the extent and severity of treatment related adverse events in hospitalised cancer patients and elucidated how adverse events ...
    • Age-related macular degeneration: Prevalence and risk factors - a cross-sectional study : The Tromsø Study 2007/2008 

      Erke, Maja Gran (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-05-30)
      Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The number of people affected by the disease is expected to rise due to increasing longevity. Development of adequate eye care for these patients should be based on knowledge about the prevalence of AMD. Further, preventive measures are the best strategy for any disease. The aims of this ...
    • Alcohol and aging: A longitudinal study of alcohol habits and health effects due to alcohol consumption in old adulthood 

      Stelander, Line Tegner (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-12-15)
      Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. Alcohol consumption among older adults varies considerably, depending on factors such as age, social class, education, ethnicity, time period and geographical setting. Furthermore, the health effects associated with alcohol consumption in old age are an under researched area. The overall aim of this thesis was ...
    • Alcohol prevention among adolescents - A study on determinants and parental influence 

      Adolfsen, Frode (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-03-09)
      The main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of an alcohol prevention program both for parents and adolescents in Norway.The aim of the first study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol drinking among Norwegian adolescents, as well as to identify determinants associated with early onset of drinking and test models for predicting early onset. The study showed that approximately ...