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Feeding ecology of age-0 polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Greenland Sea
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) play a crucial role as a key species in Arctic marine ecosystems. The importance of successful feeding of particularly their sensitive early life stages for survival and later recruitment into the adult population is known. This study investigated the diets of age-0 polar cod in the Greenland Sea (Northeast Greenland) during the summer and fall of 2017, focusing on ... -
Singers of the High Arctic; Seasonal acoustic presence of Spitsbergen bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) around Svalbard, Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Marine mammals throughout the circumpolar Arctic are facing profound levels of environmental change due to climate warming. Among them is the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), an Arctic endemic cetacean that spends its entire life in Arctic waters and lives in tight association with sea ice habitats. The Spitsbergen bowhead whale population resides in the Northeast Atlantic, where they were hunted ... -
Foraging Behavior of Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at the South Orkney Islands (Antarctica) during their Breeding Season
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-14)Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) are central place foragers during their breeding season in the austral summer, which restricts the distance and duration they can forage away from their chicks. Recent studies indicate a regional decline in chinstrap penguin populations across their distribution range. During breeding, they almost exclusively feed on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a ... -
Beneath the Surface: Fungal Community Associated with Brown Alga Saccharina latissima A Molecular Characterization through DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, Nanopore sequencing and BLAST Analysis
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Fungi can be found in every marine habitat, but our knowledge about their diversity, function, and potential is still limited Studies show that marine fungi play an important role in ecosystems by contributing to nutrient cycling and forming symbiotic relationships with marine organisms. Saccharina latissima, also known as sugar kelp, is a brown algae with a circumpolar distribution in the Northern ... -
Parasite Communities in Artic Blue Mussels - Exploring Spatial and Temporal Dynamics
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-14)Blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) play an important role in intertidal ecosystems along coastlines worldwide. Trematodes, which often parasitize these mollusks, can effectively alter blue mussels’ functional role in intertidal ecosystems. Due to the trematodes complicated life cycles and manifold but hidden effects on the intertidal ecosystems, they are often ignored in marine research, especially in ... -
Parasite communities in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) along their invasion gradient in Norway – a cause for concern?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-09)Globally, non-indigenous species (NIS) are increasing in both number and distribution. Sometimes NIS are intentionally introduced to provide food or financial gain. If NIS are moved to a new environment without their competitors, predators and parasites they may gain an advantage over native species. This is explained by the enemy release hypothesis, which also includes parasites, as NIS might lose ... -
Interactions between 0-group Saithe (Pollachius virens) and 0-group Cod (Gadhus morhua) in shallow nursery areas
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)In this study diet width and overlap between 0-group saithe (Pollachius virens) and 0-group cod (Gadhus morhua) was studied. Along with studying if habitat characteristics, length of the fish (cod and saithe), fjord distance, predator specie (cod or saithe) had an impact on the diet composition of the sampled fishes. A diet comparison between my diet findings and findings in earlier studies. The ... -
Seasonal changes of intertidal benthic microalgae photoacclimation during the summer to mid-winter transition period on Tromsøya
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)The microphytobenthos (MPB), defined as the microscopic photosynthesizers inhabiting sediments in marine and estuarine environments, are a vital component to intertidal ecosystems. They contribute greatly to ecosystem services in many ways and are responsible for a high amount of primary productivity in their environments. Microphytobenthic abundance and community structure studies have been increasing ... -
Phylogeography and gut content of Priapulus caudatus in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Priapulus caudatus is a marine worm in the phylum Priapulida, commonly known as penis worms. Since it was discovered, P. caudatus has had many names that are now considered synonyms. Fossils of Priapulida from the Cambrian period are found all over the world, and extant species show that there have been little changes in their morphology since the Palaeozoic. P. caudatus are found in clay/muddy ... -
Ageing and growth of the Arctic brittle star Ophiopleura borealis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and North East Greenland
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Species inhabiting cold-water environments exhibit typically slower growth and a longer lifespan than warm-water species, implying a slowed ability to recover from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Longevity estimates for species inhabiting the Arctic region are sparse, despite the ongoing changes and disturbances in the region. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) often dominate Arctic shelf ... -
Climate-driven redistribution of fish and reconfiguration of coastal food webs in Northern Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Rapid climate change at northern latitudes induces poleward redistributions of fish leading to reconfigurations in biodiversity and food webs. This thesis aims to broaden our understanding of the climate-driven biogeographical alterations in fish and the subsequent reorganization of food webs along the coast of Northern Norway. Documenting and understanding the ongoing, rapid ecological change in ... -
The impact of diet on egg, sperm, and larval quality in a spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor, Olafsen 1772) broodstock
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)The spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor, Olafsen 1772) has been considered as a highly attractive candidate for aquaculture since the 1990s. Low survival throughout the earliest life stages is, however, restraining the industry from reaching stable commercial levels. Broodstock diet is identified as a key factor for gamete quality. No species-specific broodstock diet has yet been developed for the ... -
The impact of spawning pink salmon (Onchorhynchus gorbuscha) on the water quality of northern Norwegian rivers
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-06-05)Since the 2017 invasion of pink salmon in northern Norwegian rivers, increasing populations of the odd-year stock have continued to return and are further expanding their range southwestwards. A relatively short time from its first invasion and the pink salmon's strictly 2-year life cycle, gives a unique opportunity to compare the pink salmon's effect on the riverine system, during a season with its ... -
Concentrations and patterns of organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs) in eggs of two Arctic seabird species and their relationship with eggshell thickness
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-16)Despite the remoteness of the Arctic, long-range transport of anthropogenic organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) has led to their detection at high concentrations in various Arctic animals for decades. Seabirds have been commonly used as biomonitors of OHCs, and the current study investigated the concentrations and patterns of organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs) in eggs of ... -
Mapping and assessing Eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution and growth parameters in two Ramsar-sites
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a keystone species in coastal ecosystems that provides several crucial ecosystem services such as, habitat formation, carbon sequestration, and coastal protection. This thesis aims to map and assess the distribution of eelgrass and the performance parameters, eelgrass coverage, epiphyte coverage, and shoot height at two Ramsar sites: Sørkjosleira, and Kobbevågen in ... -
Grazed vs the Ungrazed: Herbivory Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content and Chemical Defense
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Despite growing evidence of herbivory's influence on plant nutrient dynamics in the Arctic tundra, the short-term effects on leaf nutrient and phenolics contents across different tundra habitats and dominant plant species remain underexplored. This study enhances our understanding by analyzing the impacts of a 2-year herbivore exclusion (involving Svalbard reindeer and migratory geese) on ... -
Estimating effects of river runoff, predation, and fish carcasses on intertidal macrobenthic community and food-web structure in a sub-Arctic estuary
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Coastal benthic organisms play an essential role in many ecosystem functions, such as organic matter utilization and regeneration of nutrients. In northern Norway, coastal ecosystems experience snowmelt-induced increased river runoff in early summer, arrival of poleward migrating predators, and invasive pink salmon runs, potentially affecting macrobenthic communities and food-web structures. This ... -
Growth responses of seedlings along encroachment gradients of the allelopathic plant Empetrum nigrum
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Empetrum nigrum is a native evergreen shrub distributed in alpine and circumpolar areas that is currently encroaching into new habitats. This is an allelopathic plant that releases secondary metabolites, which has a negative impact on seed germination and seedling growth. The species has been recorded to expand in altitude and latitude parallel to a warmer climate and is encroaching into new habitats. ... -
Spatial segregation by sympatrically breeding Antarctic and Snow Petrels.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Sympatrically breeding species may face intense competition for resources, which can lead to various forms of segregation to mitigate competitive pressures. Segregation of space or habitats is one possible strategy, particularly when species share similar diets and foraging behaviors. This study examines the differences in space and habitat use between Antarctic and Snow Petrels (Thalassoica ... -
Motivations and Effects of Volunteer Divers Restoring Norwegian Kelp Forests
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Kelp forests are in decline worldwide due to increasing anthropogenic pressures. Along the coastline of Northern Norway, spanning 15,000 kilometers, sea urchins have transformed the seabed from biodiverse kelp forests into barren grounds dominated by sea urchins. To address this issue, the initiative The Guardians of the Kelp engages volunteer divers in Northern Norway in monthly clearing events to ...
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