Challenges in conflict resolution : case of the Juba Peace Talks in Uganda (2006 – 2008)

Abstract

The research investigated the reasons for the failed Juba peace talks between the Government of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army/Movement, mediated by the Government of Southern Sudan. Specifically the challenges faced by the different parties to the negotiations, the impact of the local, regional and international environment on the outcome of the peace process and the perspectives for a peaceful resolution of the conflict according to the three major actors.

As noted, there have been varying views as to why the Juba peace talks failed. Previous studies have tended to be one-sided, focusing on the views of just one party to the conflict. No comprehensive study has been carried out - one that takes into consideration the views of the key players to the talks.

The study was guided by the theory of Complex Political Emergencies (CPEs), and how the characteristics of CPE's present challenges when it comes to resolution of conflicts. The field research focused on the two districts of Kampala and Gulu. The research was based on qualitative data collection, a case study approach which included; the purposive selection of respondents, in-depth interviews, audio-visual data, media monitoring and documentation. Data was solicited from 25 participants in the talks; 10 from the GoU, and another 10 from the LRA, and 5 members of the monitoring team.

Findings established that there were a number of challenges to the talks, challenges that were not met with strategies. The talks were also not located within the broader regional and international arena, and the study concludes by observing that more time should have been dedicated to the preparation for the talks. Sensitivity should have been given to the unique nature of the conflict, and this should have guided the best mode to tackle resolution of the conflict. The study concludes by recommending a more broadened approach to the resolution of the northern Uganda conflict - one that first addresses the security needs of the affected communities, as well as the reintegration of the rebels back into the communities, and a strategy that addresses spoilers to the peace talks, and children abducted by the rebels.