Protein kinase A opposes the phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of glycogen synthase kinase 3β to A-kinase Anchoring Protein 220

Abstract

The proximity of an enzyme to its substrate can influence rate and magnitude of catalysis. A-kinase anchoring protein 220 (AKAP220) is a multivalent anchoring protein that can sequester a variety of signal transduction enzymes. These include protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Using a combination of molecular and cellular approaches we show that GSK3 phosphorylation of Thr-1132 on AKAP220 initiates recruitment of this kinase into the enzyme scaffold. We also find that AKAP220 anchors GSK3 and its substrate -catenin in membrane ruffles. Interestingly, GSK3 can be released from the multienzyme complex in response to PKA phosphorylation on serine 9, which suppresses GSK3 activity. The signaling scaffold may enhance this regulatory mechanism, as AKAP220 has the capacity to anchor two PKA holoenzymes. Site 1 on AKAP220 (residues 610– 623) preferentially interacts with RII, whereas site 2 (residues 1633–1646) exhibits a dual specificity for RI and RII. In vitro affinity measurements revealed that site 2 on AKAP220 binds RII with 10-fold higher affinity than site 1. Occupancy of both R subunit binding sites on AKAP220 could provide a mechanism to amplify local cAMP responses and enable cross-talk between PKA and GSK3.