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dc.contributor.authorCarmack, Eddy C.
dc.contributor.authorYamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo
dc.contributor.authorHaine, Thomas W.N.
dc.contributor.authorBacon, Sheldon
dc.contributor.authorBluhm, Bodil
dc.contributor.authorLique, Camille
dc.contributor.authorMelling, Humfrey
dc.contributor.authorPolyakov, Igor V.
dc.contributor.authorStraneo, Fiamma
dc.contributor.authorTimmermans, Mary Louise E.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, William J.
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-28T12:04:00Z
dc.date.available2022-04-28T12:04:00Z
dc.date.issued2015-10-11
dc.description.abstractThe Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean’s thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system’s key functions and processes: (1) the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows; (2) the disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and (3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of freshwater; these include stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification, and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g., wind and ice drift stresses, solar radiation, and heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g., river discharge, sediment transport, and erosion), and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, and altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modeled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual, and decadal time scales and discuss mechanisms that link the marine system to atmospheric, terrestrial, and cryospheric systems.en_US
dc.identifier.citationCarmack, Yamamoto-Kawai, Haine, Bacon S, Bluhm B, Lique C, Melling H, Polyakov IV, Straneo F, Timmermans MLE, Williams. Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences. 2016;121(3):675-717en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1349024
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/2015JG003140
dc.identifier.issn2169-8953
dc.identifier.issn2169-8961
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/24933
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2015 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titleFreshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceansen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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