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dc.contributor.authorvan Hazendonk, Charlotte Maartje
dc.contributor.authorHeino, Erkka Petteri
dc.contributor.authorJiggens, Piers T.A.
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Matthew G.G.T.
dc.contributor.authorPartamies, Noora
dc.contributor.authorMulders, Hjalmar C. J.
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-19T07:44:22Z
dc.date.available2022-05-19T07:44:22Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-15
dc.description.abstractSolar energetic particles (SEPs), one of the main causes of particle radiation in interplanetary space, can disrupt radio communication, induce spacecraft failures and change the heating and cooling rates in the atmosphere among others. To investigate the impact of SEPs and more specifically solar proton events (SPEs), we established a cutoff latitude database based on energetic particle data from Combined X-ray Dosimeters (CXDs) on board the Global Positioning System (GPS) spacecraft. Introducing a novel normalization method involving proton fluxes from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites enabled us to include the CXD data from its introduction (2001) onwards. The database contains 5714 cutoff latitudes divided over six energies between 18 and 115 MeV which occur during 58 SPEs from 2001 to 2015. Based on the database, a cutoff latitude parameterization as a function of solar wind dynamic pressure and geomagnetic indices Kp and Dst is created for each energy. Moreover, comparisons to previous studies on energetic particle data from the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites have been performed to put the GPS data into perspective. A 1–2° poleward offset is found for the GPS based cutoff latitude models, for which several causes are discussed. Furthermore, the limitation of GPS data to geomagnetic latitudes above 60° should be considered. All in all, the usage of the long time span of GPS data in this study combined with its recent release (2016) opens up a new range of studies involving GPS energetic particle data such as investigating long-term trends with respect to our solar cycle or magnetospheric trends.en_US
dc.identifier.citationvan Hazendonk, Heino, Jiggens, Taylor, Partamies, Mulders. Cutoff Latitudes of Solar Proton Events Measured by GPS Satellites. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics. 2022;127(3):1-14en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2013864
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2021JA030166
dc.identifier.issn2169-9380
dc.identifier.issn2169-9402
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/25214
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Space Physics
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titleCutoff Latitudes of Solar Proton Events Measured by GPS Satellitesen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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