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dc.contributor.advisorŠkalko-Basnet, Nataša
dc.contributor.authorHemmingsen, Lisa Myrseth
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-21T08:44:30Z
dc.date.available2022-10-21T08:44:30Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-11
dc.description.abstractCurrently, approximately 2% of the general population will experience at least one chronic wound throughout their lifetime. The numbers are expected to rise due to an aging population with a heightened disease burden. These wounds are major burdens for the patients; therefore, we need to find innovative approaches for bacterial eradication and improved wound treatment. We aimed to utilize nature’s toolbox to improve the effect of novel antimicrobial compounds, such as synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) and other membrane-active antimicrobials (MMAs), using pharmaceutical technology. In this project, we developed delivery systems based on liposomes and chitosan to improve anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and wound healing properties of novel SMAMPs. From the initial studies with the model compound chlorhexidine (CHX), liposomes-in-chitosan hydrogel was deemed the most suitable systems, and therefore selected for further development of delivery systems for two novel SMAMPs, namely 7e-SMAMP and 7a-SMAMP. From these studies, we confirmed that the 7e-SMAMP-liposomes and 7a-SMAMP incorporated in liposomes-in-chitosan hydrogel exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and a high level of biocompatibility. Furthermore, the anti-biofilm activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> of 7e-SMAMP improved upon its incorporation in liposomes and cell migration could be improved by incorporation of 7a-SMAMP in liposomes. Overall, the MAA-comprising liposomes-in-hydrogel systems proved to be suitable formulations with good biocompatibility and enhanced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and wound healing properties. The novel delivery system comprising SMAMPs bears great potential as a platform in the therapeutic management of infected chronic skin wounds.en_US
dc.description.abstractI dag vil om lag 2% av den generelle befolkningen få ett eller flere kroniske sår i løpet av livet, men på grunn av en aldrende befolkning med økt sykdomsbyrde forventes det at antallet vil øke. Disse sårene medfører ofte store belastninger for pasienter som understreker viktigheten av at vi finner nyskapende strategier for forbedret sårheling og bekjempelse av bakterier i infiserte kroniske hudsår. Vi ønsker å nyttiggjøre oss av naturens egen verktøykasse i kombinasjon med farmasøytisk teknologi for å forbedre effekten av nye antimikrobielle forbindelser, spesielt syntetiske etterligninger av antimikrobielle peptider (SMAMPer) og andre membranaktive forbindelser (MAAer). I dette prosjektet hadde vi som mål å utvikle farmasøytiske leveringssystemer basert på liposomer og kitosan for å forbedre de antiinflammatoriske, antimikrobielle, biofilmhemmende og sårhelende egenskapene til nyutviklede SMAMPer. Etter studier med modellsubstansen klorhexidin (CHX), ble liposomer-i-kitosanhydrogel ansett for å være det mest passende systemet og dermed valgt for den videre utviklingen av leveringssystemer for to nye SMAMPer, nemlig 7e-SMAMP og 7a-SMAMP. Fra resultatene av disse studiene fant vi at 7e-SMAMP-liposomer og 7a-SMAMP inkorporert i liposomer-i-kitosanhydrogel utviste lovende antiinflammatoriske egenskaper og høy grad av cellekompatibilitet. Videre fant vi også ut at de biofilmhemmende egenskapene mot <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> og <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> økte når 7e-SMAMP ble inkorporert i liposomer. I tillegg så vi at vi kunne oppnå forbedret cellemigrasjon når cellene ble behandlet med 7a-SMAMP inkorporert i liposomer. Samlet gjennom prosjektet konkluderte vi med at liposomer-i-kitosanhydrogel med MAAer er en velegnet formulering med god biokompatibilitet og forbedrede antiinflammatoriske, antimikrobielle, biofilmhemmende og sårhelende egenskaper. Det nye leveringssystemet for SMAMPer har derfor et stort fremtidig potensial i videre utvikling for bedre behandling av infiserte kroniske hudsår.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractToday about 2% of the general population will encounter challenges to treat chronic wounds, and the numbers are expected to rise due to an aging population with an increased disease burden and resistant bacteria increasing the threat of chronic wounds. Many new antimicrobial compounds are found in laboratories every year and still, we struggle to bring new medicines to patients. Smart solutions are needed to solve the problem. We wanted to take advantage of nature’s toolbox to improve the effect of new antimicrobial compounds using pharmaceutical technology, thus improve bacterial killing and healing of wounds. To achieve our goals, we designed a system called liposomes-in-hydrogel comprising soy liposomes and chitosan hydrogel from shrimps to improve the effects of compounds mimicking nature own’s defence molecules, antimicrobial peptides. Using this nature-inspired combination, we lowered inflammation and improved killing of bacteria commonly found in wounds, improving the healing.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was funded by UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway (project no. 235569).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/27103
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Hemmingsen, L.M., Giordani, B., Pettersen, A.K., Vitali, B., Basnet, P. & Škalko‐Basnet, N. (2021). Liposomes‐in‐chitosan hydrogel boosts potential of chlorhexidine in biofilm eradication in vitro. <i>Carbohydrate Polymers, 262</i>, 117939. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22034>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22034</a>. <p>Paper II: Hemmingsen, L.M., Julin, K., Ahsan, L., Basnet, P., Johannessen, M. & Škalko‐Basnet, N. (2021). Chitosomes‐In‐Chitosan Hydrogel for Acute Skin Injuries: Prevention and Infection Control. <i>Marine Drugs, 19</i>, 269. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21937>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21937</a>. <p>Paper III: Hemmingsen, L.M., Panchai, P., Julin, K., Basnet, P., Nystad, M., Johannessen, M. & Škalko‐Basnet, N. (2022). Chitosan‐based delivery system enhances antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine. <i>Frontiers in Microbiology, 13</i>, 1023083. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26953>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26953</a>. <p>Paper IV: Hemmingsen, L.M., Giordani, B., Paulsen, M.H., Vanić, Ž., Flaten, G.E., Vitali, B., Basnet, P., Bayer, A., Strøm, M.B. & Škalko‐Basnet, N. Tailored anti‐biofilm activity – liposomal delivery for mimic of small antimicrobial peptide. (Submitted manuscript). <p>Paper V: Hemmingsen, L.M., Salamonsen, M., Paulsen, M.H., Basnet, P., Nystad, M., Bayer, A., Strøm, M.B. & Škalko‐Basnet, N. Towards multitarget approach in chronic wound healing – Synthetic mimic of antimicrobial peptide combined with polyphenol in liposomes‐in‐hydrogel dressing. (Manuscript).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-003
dc.subjectVDP::Technology: 500::Nanotechnology: 630en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Teknologi: 500::Nanoteknologi: 630en_US
dc.titleAdvanced topical delivery systems for membrane-active antimicrobials. Exploring nature to improve antimicrobial wound therapyen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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