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dc.contributor.advisorVonen, Barthold
dc.contributor.authorKjærvik, Cato
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-26T08:42:05Z
dc.date.available2022-10-26T08:42:05Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-11
dc.description.abstractMålet med forskningsprosjektet var å belyse variasjon i behandling og utfall etter hoftebrudd i Norge, kartlegge forklaringer på og konsekvensene av variasjon, vurdere risikofaktorer for død etter hoftebrudd og deres relative betydning. I tillegg ønsket man å vurdere overlevelsesmønsteret og estimere varigheten av overdødelighet etter hoftebrudd. Prosjektet var en observasjonsstudie basert på 41699 hoftebrudd registrert i Nasjonalt hoftebruddregister fra 2014 til 2018, koblet med data fra Norsk Pasientregister og Statistisk sentralbyrå. Det ble også gjennomført en kartlegging av tjenestetilbudet ved sykehus som behandler hoftebrudd. Studien viste variasjon mellom norske sykehus med hensyn til etterlevelse av kunnskapsbaserte retningslinjer for behandling av hoftebrudd og 54,9% av pasientene fikk behandling som anbefalt. Manglende etterlevelse var knyttet til forlenget ventetid og bruk av usementert protesestamme. Avvik fra retningslinjene gav pasientene økt dødelighet og økt reoperasjonsrate. En økende andel av pasientene fikk anbefalt behandling mot slutten av studieperioden. Gjennomsnittlig ventetid fra innleggelse til operasjon var 23 timer. Ventetiden var lengst for pasienter med høy komorbiditet, og i sykehus med stort volum. Forlenget ventetid økte dødelighet. Pasientfaktorer (komorbiditet, sosioøkonomi og bostatus), og systemfaktorer (sykehusvolum og tilgjengelighet av ortogeriatriske tjenester) påvirket dødeligheten. Ikke-modifiserbare risikofaktorer var sterkere assosiert til død enn modifiserbare. Overdødeligheten målt med Standardiserte Mortalitets Rater (SMR) etter hoftebrudd var høy de første månedene etter operasjonen, med en SMR på 3,53 etter ett år. SMR falt mest de første 18-24 månedene, men flatet ut på klart høyere (SMR 2.48) nivå enn referansepopulasjonen etter 6 år. Etterlevelse av kunnskapsbaserte retningslinjer for behandling av hoftebrudd varierte betydelig, med økende etterlevelse i studieperioden. Ventetiden til operasjon ble påvirket av både pasient- og systemfaktorer. Økt ventetid medførte økt dødelighet. Pasient-, sosioøkonomiske og helsesystemfaktorer bidrar til økt dødelighet etter hoftebrudd. Hoftebruddpasienter opplever en betydelig overdødelighet sammenliknet med en kontrollpopulasjon, spesielt første året etter skade og operasjon.en_US
dc.description.abstract<p>Hip fractures commonly affect frail elderly people and have significant consequences for the patient and society. The aim of this research project was to examine variation in treatment and outcomes after hip fracture in Norway, explore explanations for and consequences of variation of in-hospital waiting time, and assess risk factors for death after hip fracture and their relative importance. The survival pattern and duration of excess mortality after hip fractures were also assessed. <p>The project was a retrospective study based on 41,699 recorded hip fractures in the National Hip Fracture Register (NHFR) from 2014 to 2018. Data from the NHFR were linked with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. A survey of the services provided in all Norwegian hospitals treating hip fractures was also carried out. <p>The study showed a clear variation between Norwegian hospitals regarding adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures. Only 54.9% of patients received treatment as recommended in the guidelines. A main proportion of non-adherence was related to preoperative waiting time before treatment and the use of uncemented prosthetic stems. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 23 hours. The longest waiting time was observed for patients with high comorbidity, and in hospitals with high patient volumes. Deviations from guidelines had consequences for patients in the form of increased mortality and increased reoperation rates. An increasing proportion of patients received recommended treatment towards the end of the study period. Patient factors (comorbidity, socioeconomic and residential status), and system factors (hospital volume and availability of orthogeriatric services) affected mortality and hence survival after hip fractures. Non-modifiable risk factors were more strongly associated to death than modifiable ones. Excess mortality measured by standardized mortality ratios (SMR) after hip fractures was initially high, with a SMR of 3.53 at one year. SMR remained high but falling during the first 24 months, then levelling off but was higher than the reference population (SMR 2.48) at six years. <p>Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures varied considerably, with increasing adherence over the study period of five years. The waiting time from hospitalization to surgery was affected by both patient and system factors. Increased waiting time led to increased mortality for patients. Patient, socioeconomic and healthcare factors contributed to increased mortality after hip fractures. Hip fracture patients have significant excess mortality compared to the general population, especially the first year after the injury.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractHip fractures are a common injury in Norway, every hour an individual suffers from a hip fracture. The aim of this research project was to explore whether patients received equal care in Norway, and potential consequences of inequity. The project was based on register data from the National Hip Fracture Register linked with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. The study showed a significant variation between Norwegian hospitals regarding adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures. The main proportion of non-adherence was related to prolonged waiting time and the use of an uncemented prosthetic implants, with increased mortality and reoperations as consequence for the patients. The longest waiting time was observed for patients with high comorbidity, and in hospitals with high patient volumes. Hip fracture patients had a 3-fold increase in mortality the first year after injury, and over 2-fold increase for up to six years.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFinansiert av Helse Nord HNF1482-19en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/27134
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Kjaervik, C., Stensland, E., Byhring, H.S., Gjertsen, J.-E., Dybvik, E. & Soereide, O. (2020). Hip fracture treatment in Norway deviation from evidence-based treatment guidelines: data from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register, 2014 to 2018. <i>Bone & Joint Open, 1</i>(10), 644-653. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20141>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20141</a>. <p>Paper II: Kjaervik, C., Gjertsen, J.-E., Engeseter, L., Stensland, E., Dybvik, E. & Soereide, O. (2021). Waiting time for hip fracture surgery: hospital variation, causes, and effects on postoperative mortality: data on 37,708 reported operations to the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register from 2014 to 2018. <i>Bone & Joint Open, 2</i>(9), 710-720. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22526>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22526</a>. <p>Paper III: Kjaervik, C., Gjertsen, J.-E., Stensland, E., Saltyte-Benth, J. & Soereide, O. (2022). Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in hip fracture mortality in Norway, 2014 to 2018 - a linked multiregistry study. <i>The Bone & Joint Journal, 104-B</i>(7), 884-893. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26027>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26027</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Ortopedisk kirurgi: 784en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Orthopedic surgery: 784en_US
dc.titleHip fractures in Norway – Inequity in treatment and outcomesen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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