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norskDoktorgradsavhandlinger (NT-fak)
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Understanding Inner Solar System Dust Environment Through In-Situ Measurements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-10-04)It is apparent from remote observations that the density of interplanetary dust is the highest in the near-solar region. Yet, there were little in-situ data available from measurements from within 1 AU before Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) missions. They both venture close to the Sun on elliptical orbits, and they are equipped with electrical antennas capable of dust detection, ... -
Pre-Last Glacial Maximum glaciations in the Barents Sea: seismic investigations
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-19)The main objective of this PhD thesis is to improve understanding of the evolution of pre-Last Glacial Maximum Barents Sea glaciations through the study of glacial deposits from the continental margin using 3D and 2D seismic reflection data. Paper 1 presents a new chronostratigraphic framework, covering the last ∼2.7 Ma, for the Svalbard-Barents Sea margin, using 2D seismic data to extend available ... -
Combinatorics and semi-algebraic geometry of orbit spaces: Hyperbolic and stable polynomials, the degree principle and few inequalities defining orbit spaces
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-20)<p>Algebraic geometry studies the set of common zeros of a system of polynomials in one or several variables - most commonly over algebraically closed fields. Real algebraic geometry studies sets defined by a finite system of polynomial inequalities. <p>A starting point for modern real algebraic geometry can be traced back to Hilbert: In 1888, Hilbert showed the existence of nonnegative polynomials ... -
Slicing orbit spaces: Geometry and combinatorics of hyperbolic and even-hyperbolic slices
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-18)Motivated by a connection to Timofte’s degree and halfdegree principle we study canonical hyperbolic slices, that is, sets of univariate hyperbolic polynomials that share the same first few coefficients. We study the geometric and combinatorial properties of a natural stratification of these slices and use these properties to improve upon the degree principle. Amongst the geometric properties we ... -
Iceberg Detection for Arctic Operations - A Comparison of C- and L-band Wide-Swath SAR
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-09-13)The accurate detection and mapping of icebergs in the Arctic is important for the safety of maritime traffic and offshore infrastructure and for monitoring the health of marine-terminating glaciers. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from satellites have proven to be a useful tool for Arctic monitoring, and C-band SAR images are currently used for operational iceberg monitoring in selected ... -
Exploring fluorination in MBL inhibitor design
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-26)<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) achieved through, among others, β-lactamase activity, remains an ongoing challenge for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-expressing bacteria, resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, are of growing clinical relevance with currently no approved treatment options available. The most common approaches to ... -
Structural characterisation and drug-lipid interaction by NMR spectroscopy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-19)<p>Since the discovery of antimicrobial agents and the extensive use in infection treatment and prevention, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a rapidly increasing problem. The World health organisation (WHO) surveys a wide range of human pathogens, including several multi-resistant pathogens causing infections with high morbidity and mortality. Emphasising the urgency of new treatment ... -
Modelling the Earth System - From Tipping Elements to Reconstructions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-06-17)Climate change can trigger climate tipping points, which are among the major threats to human society. Tipping points are thresholds beyond which a system undergoes abrupt, often irreversible, changes even if the external forcing is brought to a halt. Several large-scale elements in the Earth system are considered tipping elements with global consequences once critical thresholds are crossed and ... -
Dia-Continua: An Information System for Type 1 Diabetes Consultation. (Interoperability, Privacy, and Information Quality on a FHIR-Based Information System for Type 1 Diabetes Consultations based on Patient-Generated Health Data)
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-05-30)Patient-generated health data (PGHD) is required to monitor chronic conditions like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This data includes information from medical devices like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors and lifestyle insights from commercial wearables devices such as smartwatches. To improve the quality of medical consultations, we need a unified information system that can integrate ... -
Unleashing the VAMPyR. A Python Journey into the Realm of Multiwavelets and Quantum Chemisty
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-04)This thesis presents VAMPyR, an advancement in quantum chemistry that significantly mitigates the challenges inherent in high-precision computational methods. By providing a Python interface to the multiwavelet-based functionalities of MRCPP, VAMPyR enables a more intuitive, accessible, and efficient approach to quantum chemical calculations, reducing the complexity traditionally encountered with ... -
Towards Interpretable, Trustworthy and Reliable AI
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-03-15)<p>The field of artificial intelligence recently witnessed remarkable growth, leading to the development of complex deep learning models that perform exceptionally across various domains. However, these developments bring forth critical issues. Deep learning models are vulnerable to inheriting and potentially exacerbating biases present in their training data. Moreover, the complexity of these models ... -
Exploring the Potential of CO2: Enantioselective C-C Bond Formation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-03-08)CO<sub>2</sub> is a renewable source of carbon that has not yet been properly utilized. The reason for this is mostly due to its kinetic and thermodynamic stability. The potential renewability of CO<sub>2</sub>, coupled with environmental concerns, has motivated scientists worldwide to develop new artificial carbon cycles for chemical fixation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Unfortunately, the pronounced inertness ... -
Mechanisms of enzyme adaptation to extreme environments: The rational design of a thermophilic chorismate mutase
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-02-26)<p>Extremophiles, especially those living in high-temperature environments, exhibit unique enzymatic mechanisms that allow survival under conditions detrimental to most life forms. Of particular interest is thermophiles, which are able to thrive at temperatures at which psychrophiles and mesophiles unfold and cease to function. The mechanisms by which these enzymes are able to overcome this temperature ... -
Label-free super-resolution optical microscopy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-02-06)To see structures well below 200 nm using visible light, super-resolution techniques have been developed. Most of these techniques rely on fluorescence labelling or use of artificial materials to go beyond the Abbe limit. Therefore, achieving super-resolution in the label-free regime is the problem that is being addressed in this thesis. In this work, high-index contrast dielectric waveguides are ... -
Toward a Collaborative Platform for Hybrid Designs Sharing a Common Cohort
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-01-18)<p>This doctoral thesis binds together four included papers in a thematical whole and is simultaneously an independent work proposing a platform facilitating epidemiological research. <p><i>Population-based prospective cohort studies</i> typically recruit a relatively large group of participants representative of a studied population and follow them over years or decades. This group of participants ... -
Multiple Signal Classification Algorithm: A computational microscopy tool for fluorescence microscopy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-11)Fluorescence Microscopy is still the most preferred tool for studying the cell's inner structures. One of the reasons for this preference is its great selectivity, which allows it to label specific types of structures and visualize them with high contrast. However, its resolution is conventionally limited due to the diffraction of light, which makes the study of cells at scales below 200 nm challenging. ... -
Raman-spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles and self-supervised deep learning
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-07)This thesis explores the prospect of a waveguide device for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy of single biological nanoparticles. The aim of the work is to develop a Raman-on-chip device capable of training and measuring single particles in individual trapping sites, such that the throughput of the device can be increased through parallelization. The challenge posed by the induced Raman ... -
Super-resolution histology
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-05)<p>Super-resolution optical microscopy (SRM) holds great promise for the advancement of life sciences, unlocking the secrets of the minute machinery composing living organisms. While broadly accepted in cell biology, the existing SRM methods haven’t effectively breached relevant fields such as histological practice, mainly due to the complexity, elevated costs, limited throughput, and incompatibility ... -
Planktonic foraminifers and shelled pteropods in the Barents Sea: Seasonal distribution and contribution to the carbon pump of the living fauna, and foraminiferal development during the last three millennia
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-06)The Arctic Ocean in general and the Barents Sea specifically, are highly affected by the human induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increasing temperatures. Atlantification, caused by an increase in warm Atlantic Water inflow, and polar amplification, caused by a higher impact of the increasing temperatures at high latitudes, have already been observed. Moreover, the Barents Sea has been ... -
Mesospheric Dust - radar applications for detection and investigation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-15)<p>Large amounts of meteoric particles ablate globally into the Earth’s atmosphere each day, and they interact with the atmosphere through several processes in the mesosphere and below. These processes include dust charging, where dust is expected to influence the charge balance in the D-region of the ionosphere. Consequently, the charged dust particles can influence the incoherent scatter that is ...
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