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dc.contributor.advisorOlsen, Jan Abel
dc.contributor.authorBerthung, Espen
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-13T09:39:14Z
dc.date.available2023-03-13T09:39:14Z
dc.date.issued2023-03-23
dc.description.abstract‘Good health for all’ and ‘employment for all’ are two widely agreed-upon goals in Norwegian politics. Nevertheless, considerable inequalities in health exist, and the economic sustainability of public pensions is pressured by a substantial increase in life expectancy. Improving our understanding of inequalities in health and the relationship between health detriments and labour market participation (LMP) can help policymakers identify where and how policy strategies should be implemented. Subsequently, this can improve individuals’ health and make society more economically sustainable in transitioning to longer working life. This thesis aims to improve our knowledge of inequalities in health and the relationship between health detriments and individuals’ LMP. More specifically, this thesis investigates the effects of parental health, childhood financial conditions, and own education on individuals’ adult health. Moreover, the thesis investigates the relative importance of these three sets of variables for individuals’ health. Furthermore, this thesis compares the impact of three different health detriments on individuals’ LMP. Proxies for health detriments are stroke, heart attack, and three cancer severity levels. In addition, it investigates if there exists heterogeneity in the impacts by education. Finally, this thesis investigates if individuals’ resilience moderates the effect of health shocks on individuals’ LMP. I find that parental health, childhood financial circumstances (CFC), and individuals’ education creates lasting inequalities in health. Furthermore, individuals’ education and CFC have similar magnitudes, i.e., the gaps between the top and bottom levels in the CFC variable and individuals’ education are approximately the same. In addition, I find that parental health and CFC are each as important for their health as own education. Moreover, I find that cancer with a poor survival prognosis leads to the greatest reduction in LMP, followed by stroke, cancer with an intermediate survival prognosis, acute heart attack, and cancer with a good survival prognosis. In addition, the negative impact of cancer is greater among lower-educated individuals. However, I did not find that individuals’ resilience moderated the impact created by health shocks.en_US
dc.description.abstractEt sentralt mål for den norske regjeringen er å begrense ulikheter i helse og holde så mange som mulig i arbeid. Likevel er det store ulikheter i helse mellom ulike sosiale lag og en aldrende befolkning øker presset på velferdssystemet. Mer kunnskap om ulikheter i helse og sammenhengen mellom redusert helsetilstand og arbeidsdeltagelse er nødvendig for å kunne minimere forskjeller og holde folk lengre i arbeid. Hovedformålet med denne avhandlingen er å øke kunnskapsgrunnlaget om ulikheter i helse og sammenhengen mellom helsereduksjon og arbeidsdeltakelse. Mer spesifikt er målsetningen først å undersøke sammenhengen mellom foreldrenes helse, økonomiske forhold i barndommen og egen utdanning for helse i voksen alder. Deretter å sammenligne effekten av ulike helsesjokk på folks arbeidsdeltagelse. Variablene for helsesjokk var slag, hjerteinfarkt og kreft. Kreftdiagnosene ble delt inn i tre alvorlighetsgrader basert på deres fem-års overlevelsesrate. Jeg undersøkte også om det er utdanningsforskjeller i hvordan et helsesjokk påvirker individers arbeidsdeltagelse. Helt til slutt undersøkte jeg om individers motstandsdyktighet (målt som et personlighetstrekk) modererer effekten av et helsesjokk for arbeidsdeltagelsen. Data fra Tromsøundersøkelsen, Statistisk Sentralbyrå (SSB) og Norsk Pasientregister (NPR) ble brukt. Først tyder funnene individers utdanning og økonomiske forhold i barndommen bidrar til like mye ulikhet i helse i voksen alder. Med andre ord, gapet mellom topp og bunn nivåene i disse variablene er cirka lik. Jeg finner også at foreldrenes helse, økonomiske forhold i barndommen og egen utdanning forklarer like mye av helsen i voksen alder. Videre viser funnene at de alvorligste kreftdiagnosene reduserer arbeidsdeltagelsen mest, etterfulgt av slag, de nest alvorligste kreftdiagnosene, hjerteinfarkt og de minst alvorligste kreftdiagnosene. Funnene viser også at kreft reduserer arbeidsdeltagelsen mer for lavt utdannede. Avslutningsvis fant jeg ikke noe bevis for at individers motstandsdyktighet moderer effekten av et helsesjokk.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstract‘Good health for all’ and ‘employment for all’ are two widely agreed-upon goals in Norwegian politics. Nevertheless, considerable inequalities in health exist, and the economic sustainability of public pensions is pressured by a substantial increase in life expectancy. Improving our understanding of inequalities in health and the relationship between health detriments and labour market participation (LMP) can help policymakers identify where and how policy strategies should be implemented. Subsequently, this can improve individuals’ health and make society more economically sustainable in transitioning to longer working life. This thesis aims to improve our knowledge of inequalities in health and the relationship between health detriments and individuals’ LMP. More specifically, this thesis investigates the effects of parental health, childhood financial conditions, and own education on individuals’ adult health. Moreover, the thesis investigates the relative importance of these three sets of variables for individuals’ health. Furthermore, this thesis compares the impact of three different health detriments on individuals’ LMP. Proxies for health detriments are stroke, heart attack, and three cancer severity levels. In addition, it investigates if there exists heterogeneity in the impacts by education. Finally, this thesis investigates if individuals’ resilience moderates the effect of health shocks on individuals’ LMP. I find that parental health, childhood financial circumstances (CFC), and individuals’ education creates lasting inequalities in health. Furthermore, individuals’ education and CFC have similar magnitudes, i.e., the gaps between the top and bottom levels in the CFC variable and individuals’ education are approximately the same. In addition, I find that parental health and CFC are each as important for their health as own education. Moreover, I find that cancer with a poor survival prognosis leads to the greatest reduction in LMP, followed by stroke, cancer with an intermediate survival prognosis, acute heart attack, and cancer with a good survival prognosis. In addition, the negative impact of cancer is greater among lower-educated individuals. However, I did not find that individuals’ resilience moderated the impact created by health shocks.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNorsk forskningsråden_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/28716
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper 1: Berthung, E., Gutacker, N., Abelsen, B. & Olsen, J.A. (2022). Inequality of opportunity in a land of equal opportunities: The impact of parents’ health and wealth on their offspring’s quality of life in Norway. <i>BMC public health, 22</i>(1), 161. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27423>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27423</a>. <p>Paper 2: Berthung, E., Gutacker, N., Olsen, J.A., & Abelsen, B. The heterogeneous impact of health shocks on labour market participation: Evidence from Norway. (Submitted manuscript). <p>Paper 3: Berthung, E., Gutacker, N., Friborg, O., Abelsen, B. & Olsen, J.A. (2021). Who keeps on working? The importance of resilience for labour market participation. <i>PLoS ONE, 16</i>(10), e0258444. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23913>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23913</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2023 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectHelseøkonomien_US
dc.subjectTromsøundersøkelsenen_US
dc.subjectThe Tromsø Studyen_US
dc.titleThree essays on health and labour market participationen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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