Institutt for klinisk medisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 561-580 of 1804
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Immunobiology of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the context of radiotherapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-18)Radiotherapy (RT) still represents a mainstay of treatment in clinical oncology. Traditionally, the effectiveness of radiotherapy has been attributed to the killing potential of ionizing radiation (IR) over malignant cells, however, it has become clear that therapeutic efficacy of RT also involves activation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor ... -
Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-29)Chronic kidney disease is a common complication and concomitant condition of diabetes mellitus. The treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease, including intensive control of blood sugar and blood pressure, has been very similar for type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. New therapeutic targets have shown promising results and may lead to more specific treatment options for patients ... -
Prioritized brain circulation during ergometer cycling with apnea and face immersion in ice-cold water: A case report
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-24)Background: Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after drowning or avalanche is often attributed to hypothermia-induced decrease in metabolism, which adapts the oxygen demand to the amount supplied under cardiac compression. Four decades ago, we speculated if oxygen-sparing mechanisms like those found in marine mammals, may improve cerebral oxygenation during acute airway blockade in humans. We ... -
COVID-19 preparedness—a survey among neonatal care providers in low- and middle-income countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-13)Objective - To evaluate COVID-19 pandemic preparedness, available resources, and guidelines for neonatal care delivery among neonatal health care providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across all continents.<p> <p>Study design - Cross-sectional, web-based survey administered between May and June, 2020.<p> <p>Results - Of 189 invited participants in 69 LMICs, we received 145 (77%) ... -
A combination of infraclavicular and suprascapular nerve blocks for total shoulder arthroplasty: A case series
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-27)Background - Shoulder arthroplasty is associated with significant post-operative pain. Interscalene plexus block is the gold standard for pain management in patients undergoing this surgery, however, alternatives are currently being developed. We hypothesized that a combination of anterior suprascapular nerve block and lateral sagittal infraclavicular block would provide effective post-operative ... -
Increased sensitivity to SMAC mimetic LCL161 identified by longitudinal ex vivo pharmacogenomics of recurrent, KRAS mutated rectal cancer liver metastases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-08)Tumor heterogeneity is a primary cause of treatment failure. However, changes in drug sensitivity over time are not well mapped in cancer. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) may predict clinical drug responses ex vivo and ofer an opportunity to evaluate novel treatment strategies in a personalized fashion. Here we have evaluated spatio-temporal functional and molecular dynamics of fve PDO models ... -
Psychoactive substances have major impact on injuries in rural arctic Norway – A prospective observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-27)Background - Rural areas have increased injury mortality with a high pre-hospital death rate. Knowledge concerning the impact of psychoactive substances on injury occurrence is lacking for rural arctic Norway. These substances are also known to increase pre-, per- and postoperative risk. The aim was by prospective observational design to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of psychoactive ... -
Response to Letter to the Editor from Dalan: "Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To D or Not to D?"
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-30)We thank Rinkoo Dalan for the comments on our paper (1, 2). We agree that although the reduction in diabetes risk with vitamin D supplementation among people at high risk for diabetes appears to be moderate (~ 12% relative risk reduction compared to placebo) (3), certain individuals may derive a higher (or lower) benefit based on certain characteristics. For example, in the simplest demonstration ... -
Stratification of Culture-Proven Early-Onset Sepsis Cases by the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-03)Objectives - To provide a comprehensive assessment of case stratification by the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS) Calculator, a novel tool for reducing unnecessary antibiotic treatment.<p> <p>Study design - A systematic review with individual patient data meta-analysis was conducted, extending PROSPERO record CRD42018116188. Cochrane, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ... -
Effects of age and gender on the relationship between alcohol use disorder and somatic diseases: a national register study in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-10)Objective - This study aimed to examine how age and gender moderate the associations between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and several somatic diseases. <p> <p>Design and setting - We performed a retrospective, register-based cohort study with 6-year follow-up of patients with AUD and the general population. Data were acquired from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Cox regressions were used to estimate ... -
Effectiveness of Natalizumab in Achieving No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-3)—Data From a Local Norwegian Cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-20)Objective: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of natalizumab (NTZ) by assessing overall No Evidence of Disease Activity 3 (NEDA-3) in a local Norwegian cohort. <p> <p>Background: NTZ is an immunomodulating drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has typically been used as a second-line treatment, but certain patients with high disease activity have started directly with ... -
Maintaining intravenous volume mitigates hypothermia-induced myocardial dysfunction and accumulation of intracellular Ca2+
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-17)Previous research exploring pathophysiological mechanisms underlying circulatory collapse after rewarming victims of severe accidental hypothermia has documented post-hypothermic cardiac dysfunction and hypothermia-induced elevation of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) in myocardial cells. The aim of the present study was to examine if maintaining euvolaemia ... -
Cut-off values of serum potassium and core temperature at hospital admission for extracorporeal rewarming of avalanche victims in cardiac arrest: A retrospective multi-centre study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06)Aim: Evidence of existing guidelines for the on-site triage of avalanche victims is limited and adherence suboptimal. This study attempted to find reliable cut-off values for the identification of hypothermic avalanche victims with reversible out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at hospital admission. This may enable hospitals to allocate extracorporeal life support (ECLS) resources more appropriately ... -
Nifedipine disturbs fetal cardiac function during hypoxemia in a chronic sheep model at near term gestation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11)Background: Nifedipine is a widely used drug in pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertensive disorders that can be associated with placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxemia. The evidence regarding fetal myocardial responses to nifedipine in hypoxemia is limited.<p> <p>Objective: We hypothesized that nifedipine would not impair fetal sheep cardiac function under hypoxemic environment. In ... -
Estimated lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism in men and women in a Danish nationwide cohort: impact of competing risk of death
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-08)Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk varies by age and sex. Some studies have reported overall higher risk in men, especially when VTEs triggered by female reproductive factors are excluded. However, higher mortality rates in men may have led to overestimation of lifetime VTE risk in men compared with women. Therefore, we estimated the lifetime risk of VTE in men and women in a Danish, ... -
ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): use of Doppler velocimetry in obstetrics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-19)The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a scientific organization that encourages sound clinical practice, teaching and research related to diagnostic imaging in women's healthcare. The ISUOG Clinical Standards Committee (CSC) has a remit to develop Practice Guidelines and Consensus Statements as educational recommendations that provide healthcare practitioners ... -
Association of smoking and cancer with the risk of venous thromboembolism: the Scandinavian Thrombosis and Cancer cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-21)Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cancer, and cancer patients have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Conflicting results have been reported on the association between smoking and risk of VTE, and the effect of smoking on VTE-risk in subjects with cancer is scarcely studied. We aimed to investigate the association between smoking and VTE in subjects with and without cancer in ... -
Obesity measures, metabolic health and their association with 15-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the SAMINOR 1 Survey: a population-based cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)Background - The mortality of metabolic-obesity phenotypes has been thoroughly studied, but it is not known if or how the association between mortality and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference or a body shape index (ABSI) differ in strata of cardiometabolic health status.<p> <p>Methods - We linked data on 12,815 men and women aged 36–79 years from the SAMINOR 1 Survey with mortality data ... -
Rewarming With Closed Thoracic Lavage Following 3-h CPR at 27°C Failed to Reestablish a Perfusing Rhythm
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-29)Introduction: Previously, we showed that the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) maintained cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) to the same reduced level during normothermia (38°C) vs. hypothermia (27°C). In addition, at 27°C, the CPR for 3-h provided global O2 delivery (DO2) to support aerobic metabolism. The present study investigated if rewarming ... -
Liberal versus Modified Intraoperative Fluid Management in Abdominal-flap Breast Reconstructions. A Clinical Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09)Background: The outcome of reconstructive microsurgery is influenced by the intraoperative anesthetic regimen. The aim of this study was to compare the impact on the intra- and postoperative complication rates of our modified fluid management (MFM) protocol with a previously used liberal fluid management protocol in abdominal-flap breast reconstructions.<p> <p>Methods: This retrospective study ...