How Religion and Spirituality Impact Mental Health and Mental Help-Seeking Behavior in Arctic Norway: an Epidemiological Study Adopting the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey
Permanent lenke
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/33609Åpne
Dato
2024-06-07Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Forfatter
Kiærbech, HenrikSammendrag
Objectives: Most international studies have shown that religion and spirituality (R/S) are related to better mental health, yet the Indigenous Sámi—being more committed to R/S than the majority population in the area—have poorer mental health and are more inclined toward suicidal behavior. Laestadianism—an important R/S factor for these people and this region—is related to poorer mental health and violence exposure. Among the Sámi, mental disorders are often believed to represent punishment from God or evil spirits sent by other persons, and traditional healing is commonly used against mental health problems in this area. The current study explored the relationship between R/S, ethnicity, suicidal behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the mixed Sámi and Norwegian adult population of Arctic Norway, as well as the association between R/S and help-seeking behavior in this context.
Methods: This study used cross-sectional data from the population-based SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey (2012; n = 11,222; 34% Sámi affiliation; 22% Laestadian affiliation) in mixed Sámi-Norwegian areas of Mid and North Norway. The associations between R/S factors, suicidal behavior, NSSI, mental health-service use, and satisfaction were analyzed. Multivariate-adjusted regression models and mediation analyses considering sociodemographics and other risk factors were applied.
Results: When adjusting for Sámi ethnicity, sociodemographic, and other risk factors, religious attendance was significantly associated with no suicide ideation, NSSI, or psychological distress, whereas Laestadian family background was associated with no suicide attempts. Religious attendance was associated with no past-year use of mental health services.
Conclusions: R/S is not associated with poorer mental health in the Sámi and Norwegian populations of Arctic Norway. On the contrary, religious participation seems to buffer psychological distress and protect against poorer mental health in these areas, and is probably connected to the effect of received or perceived social support from R/S fellowships. Also, despite Laestadianism’s association with disadvantageous sociodemographic factors, like Sámi ethnicity and exposure to violence, the Laestadian family networks probably contribute to better mental health. Religious participation is associated with less use of mental health services, possibly due to alternative R/S coping methods like prayer, congregational support, guidance from clergy, or the use of traditional healers and R/S family networks.
Problemstilling: De fleste internasjonale studier har vist at religion og spiritualitet er forbundet med bedre psykisk helse. Samene, som er mer religiøst engasjerte enn marjoritetsbefolkningen, har likevel dårligere psykisk helse og er mer tilbøyelige til selvmordsatferd. Læstadianismen, en viktig religiøs/spirituell faktor hos samene og i regionen, er knyttet til dårligere psykisk helse og utsettelse for vold. Blant samene er det ofte en oppfatning at psykisk lidelse er en straff fra Gud eller er forårsaket av onde ånder sendt fra andre personer. Tradisjonell helbredelse blir også ofte brukt mot psykiske problemer i dette området. Denne studien undersøkte forholdet mellom religion/spiritualitet, etnisitet, selvmordsatferd og selvskading i den blandede samiske og norske voksenbefolkningen i Nord- og Midt-Norge. Sammenhengen mellom religion/spiritualitet og hjelpsøkende atferd ble også utforsket.
Metoder: Denne studien brukte tverrsnittsdata fra den befolkningsbaserte SAMINOR 2 spørreskjemaundersøkelsen (gjennomført i 2012; 11 222 deltakere; 34 % med samisk tilknytning; 22 % med læstadiansk tilknytning) i blandede samisk-norske områder i Midt- og Nord-Norge. Man analyserte sammenhengen mellom religiøse/spirituelle faktorer, selvmordsatferd, selvskading, samt bruk av og fornøydhet med psykiske helsetjenester. Det ble brukt regresjonsmodeller som kontrollerte for sosiodemografiske og andre risikofaktorer.
Resultater: Religiøs deltakelse var signifikant forbundet med fravær av selvmordstanker, selvskading og psykisk stress, mens læstadiansk familiebakgrunn var assosiert med fravær av selvmordsforsøk. Religiøs deltakelse var forbundet med manglende bruk av psykiske helsetjenester siste året.
Konklusjoner: Religion/spiritualitet er ikke forbundet med dårligere psykisk helse i den samiske og norske befolkningen i Nord- og Midt-Norge. Tvert imot synes religiøs deltakelse å fungere som en buffer mot psykisk stress og beskytte mot dårligere psykisk helse i dette området, noe som sannsynligvis er knyttet til effekten av mottatt og opplevd sosial støtte fra religiøse fellesskap. Til tross for at læstadianismen er knyttet til ugunstige sosiodemografiske forhold, som samisk etnisitet og utsettelse for vold, så bidrar sannsynligvis de læstadianske familienettverkene til bedre psykisk helse. Religiøs deltakelse er forbundet med mindre bruk av psykiske helsetjenester, sannsynligvis på grunn av religiøse/spirituelle håndteringsmetoder, som bønn, menighetsstøtte, veiledning fra religiøse ledere eller bruk av tradisjonelle helbredere og religiøse familienettverk.
Har del(er)
Paper I: Kiærbech, H., Silviken, A.C., Lorem, G.F., Kristiansen, R.E. & Spein, A.R. (2021). Religion and Health in Arctic Norway: the association of religious and spiritual factors with suicidal behaviour in a mixed Sámi and Norwegian adult population: the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 80(1), 1949848. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22522.
Paper II: Kiærbech, H., Silviken, A.C., Lorem, G.F., Kristiansen, R.E. & Spein, A.R. (2021). Religion and Health in Arctic Norway: The association of religious and spiritual factors with non-suicidal self-injury in the Sami and non-Sami adult population: the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(7), 670–686. Published version not available in Munin due to publisher’s restrictions. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1924125. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24593
Paper III: Kiærbech, H., Broderstad, A.R., Silviken, A.C., Lorem, G.F., Kristiansen, R.E. & Spein, A.R. (2023). The association of religious factors with mental health-service utilisation and satisfaction in a mixed Sámi and Norwegian adult population: adopting the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 82(1), 2223422. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/30024.
Forlag
UiT The Arctic University of NorwayUiT Norges arktiske universitet
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