Summary: According to the WHO, breast cancer is by far the most frequently diagnosed cancer, and the most frequent cause of cancer death among women in the world. Tobacco smoking is the single largest cause of cancer worldwide and has been linked to cancer in most organ systems. The aim of this thesis was to illuminate the association between smoking and breast cancer incidence, mortality, and to ...

Objectives: The study thought to examine if early sexual debut among adolescents in North Norway differs by ethnicity that is between Sami and non-Sami. Further, it was examined if factors like: gender; family connectedness; peer relations; parental involvement; alcohol; smoking; socio-economic status of parents, educational aspirations and family structure, already found to affect adolescents age ...

Background: The neonatal period (0-28 days after delivery) in human life is critical and carries a high risk of mortality. According to the Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2011, Nepal has a Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) of 33/1000 live births which is one of the highest in the world. The neonatal mortality accounts for 61% of the under-five mortality. There has been very limited progress in ...

Background: Nepal is a developing country. Lack of sustainability of water supply and sanitation services are always considered as major issue in developing countries that accounts for high prevalence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid, and jaundice. In addition, socioeconomic status such as; education, income and occupation are also the bottle-necks in developing ...