1.1 Introduction The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in 2020 by WHO helped in organizing efforts against the disease, including the manufacture of numerous vaccines. WHO recommended that all countries should vaccinate over 70% of their citizens. However, vaccination coverage is a goal that faces a lot of challenges, including vaccination hesitancy among others. This scoping review addresses ...

Introduction: Visceral fat (VAT) is the most metabolically, harmful type of body fat. It is in the abdomen and it surrounds organs like kidneys, pancreas and liver and is associated with higher risk for morbidity. VAT is accurately measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Due to the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, excessive VAT accumulation occurs; therefore, a healthy ...

Introduction and background: The world’s population is getting older, and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rises parallel with age. CKD is a major public health concern, characterised by poor health outcomes and a high economic burden for society as well as for the individual. With an aging population, there is an increasing need to organize healthcare services in alternative ways. ...

It is not unusual for adolescents and young adults to have a desire to change their weight – either a desire to gain weight or reduce weight. Young men, on a general basis, want to increase their weight, while young women often want to decrease their weight. It is of concern that a larger number of both men and women with healthy weight wish to change their weight. In this thesis the aim was to ...

Background: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for å series of health consequences. A better understanding of appetite regulation can be an important part of providing treatment strategies. When weight is lost, several physiological adaptations, including changes in appetite, take place. Dietary composition seems to affect appetite, and both carbohydrate quantity and quality may play a ...

Background: Norway is one of the countries with the highest rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous research on diet and CRC has been heavily based on nutrients and foods, but new findings indicate that the way we process food may be of importance. However, the findings are contradictory. Further, new findings indicate that CRC risk factors might affect colorectal subsites differently. As the ...

Obesity has become a global health issue and visceral obesity are associated with several lifestyle diseases. Muscle tissue are known to have anti-inflammatory effects, but how the muscle tissue influences the negative association between visceral obesity and inflammatory- and metabolic biomarkers are a not known. The present thesis aims to investigate the association between different body compositions ...

The main theme of this essay is depictions of long-term exhaustion, a severe form of tiredness, in historical and contemporary fictional literature. Tiredness and exhaustion are real both in a biological and in an experiential sense: the phenomena entail experiences of biological processes that go on in the human body. In this paper, however, it is the cultural dimension of these phenomena that ...

Prior knowledge in certain mathematical topics is essential for fundamental understanding of most STEM subjects, and closing the gap from secondary education is a prerequisite for success. The teacher's dilemma in higher education is the time dedicated to teaching secondary level maths versus the course's actual curriculum. To close the knowledge gap for a group of PhD students at the Faculty of ...

Dette notatet er Folkehelseinstituttets svar til Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets oppdrag om å synliggjøre gjeldende kunnskap om sammenhengen mellom kosthold og psykisk helse. I Nasjonal handlingsplan for bedre kosthold (2017–2021) utgitt mars 2017 (Regjeringen, 2017) ble betydningen av kosthold, mat og måltider for psykisk helse og livskvalitet satt på dagsorden. <p> <p>Hensikten med notatet har ...