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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1901-1920 of 2043
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What is called symptom?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)There is one concept in medicine which is prominent, the symptom. The omnipresence of the symptom seems, however, not to be reflected by an equally prominent curiosity aimed at investigating this concept as a phenomenon. In classic, traditional or conventional medical diagnostics and treatment, the lack of distinction with respect to the symptom represents a minor problem. Faced with enigmatic ... -
Prenatal exposure to DDT and other selected environmental contaminants and their predictors in malaria and non-malaria areas in coastal KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-02-20)Prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants is of major concern, as foetal development is one of the most sensitive life stages for endogenous and exogenous insults. Permeability of the placenta allows not only for environmental contaminants, but also contaminants released from maternal body stores during pregnancy, to be transferred to the foetus. Most of the exposure assessments in pregnant women ... -
Survival on antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV-infected patients in Nepal: a retrospective cohort study in far-western Region, 2006–2011
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)Though financial and policy level efforts are made to expand antiretroviral treatment (ART) service free of cost, survival outcome of ART program has not been systematically evaluated in Nepal. This study assesses the mortality rates and determinants among adult HIV-infected patients on ART in Far-western region of Nepal. This retrospective cohort study included 1024 (51.2% men) HIV-infected patients ... -
Human exposures to parabens in cosmetics - a literature study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-12-02)A literature study was performed in order to assess and compare evidence of human exposure to parabens in cosmetics. The focus of the thesis is on human concentrations, the rate of dermal absorption, metabolism and excretion; in order to increase our understanding of human exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics. High detection rates of native and total parabens in blood and urine ... -
Vertebral fractures and self-perceived health in elderly women and men in a population-based cross-sectional study: the Tromsø Study 2007-08
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)Health-related quality of life (HRQL) may be associated with increased mortality in the elderly. The effect of prevalent vertebral fractures on HRQL in elderly women and men is not well described. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between prevalent vertebral fractures and back pain, neck pain, and HRQL in elderly women and men, and to study possible gender differences in the ... -
Factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis testing in a high school based screening and previously in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)High school based chlamydia screening has been shown to increase uptake and detect hidden infections among sexually active adolescents. Our study aimed to: i) examine the proportions of 15–20 year-olds tested in a high school based screening and previously in clinical practice, ii) determine chlamydia prevalence according to testing pattern, and iii) examine factors associated with testing in the ... -
Sykdomsspesifikk livskvalitet hos pasienter med inflammatorisk tarmsykdom. En klinisk kvalitetsstudie om poliklinisk organisering av kontrolltilbud
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-12-01)Bakgrunn: Inflammatorisk tarmsykdom (IBD), henholdsvis morbus Crohn (CD) og Ulcerøs colitt (UC) er kroniske lidelser som kan ha en betydelig negativ innvirkning på en pasients sykdomsspesifikke livskvalitet (HRQoL). Den tradisjonelle måten å organisere behandling og oppfølging av denne pasientgruppen har vært konsultasjoner hos spesialist i medisinske poliklinikker, som jeg i oppgaven betegner som ... -
Physical activity and perceived health among adolescents in Troms. Data based on Fit Futures - a health survey among adolescents
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-07-02)Background: Perceived health is a predictor of morbidity and mortality in adults and has been an important measure of the general health status in population health studies for decades. Thus, perceived health during adolescence should be of high interest from a Public Health perspective. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity and perceived ... -
Etniske forskjeller i risiko for kroniske muskel- og skjelettsmerter blant en befolkning i Nord-Norge: SAMINOR-undersøkelsen
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-08-29)Bakgrunn: Muskel- og skjelettplager er en av de hyppigste årsakene til sykefravær og uføretrygd i Norge. Det finnes lite forskning om muskel- og skjelettsmerter blant urfolk, både internasjonalt og i Arktiske områder. Formål: Se på risiko for kroniske muskel- og skjelettsmerter blant ulike etniske grupper i en Nordnorsk befolkning. Analysere om sosioøkonomiske faktorer kan påvirke til eventuelle ... -
Live long and prosper : assessment of the effect of participation in self-help groups for landmine accident survivors in rural Cambodia through analysing pre- and post-intervention changes in health determinants
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-08-28)Objective: Landmines injuries are considered a major public health issue. Cambodia is the 4th most land mined country in the world. Landmine accident survivors face challenges with poverty and pain, with little chance of improving their lives on their own. Trauma Care Foundation Cambodia started with community based self-help groups in 2000. The aim is to study was to evaluate the impact of self- ... -
Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. A cross-sectional study in Kathmandu District, Nepal
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-09-28)Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV/ AIDS patients in Kathmandu district. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 316 HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy from three ART sites in Kathmandu districts was done from January 2012 to February 2012. The participants were interviewed and answered questions about socio-demographic ... -
Fysisk aktivitet og helserelatert livskvalitet. Hvilke sammenhenger er det mellom ulike former for fysisk aktivitet og ulike mål for helserelatert livskvalitet i Tromsø VI?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2011-12-09)Bakgrunn: Det finnes i dag mye dokumentasjon på de positive effektene av fysisk aktivitet for helse og forventet levealder. Helserelatert livskvalitet (Health Related Quality Of Life, HRQOL) er et begrep som får stadig mer annerkjennelse som et viktig bidrag for god forståelse av en populasjons helse. Likevel finnes det kun et noe begrenset materiale for sammenhengen mellom fysisk aktivitet og HRQOL. ... -
Stillbirths and associations with education and sosiodemography : a registry study from a regional hospital in north-eastern Tanzania
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05)Background: Every year 2, 6 million women experience a stillbirth. The vast majority occur in Sub-Saharan countries. Education is a commonly used proxy for socioeconomic status (SES) and is closely linked to health. We wanted to investigate the associations between education and stillbirths in a regional referral hospital in north eastern Tanzania (Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, KCMC ... -
Factors influencing unmet needs for family planning among currently married women in Nepal
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-08-01)Background: Family planning is one of the most cost-effective interventions available, but still there exists unmet needs for family planning. Women are said to have unmet needs for family planning if they want to stop or delay child bearing, but are not using any methods of contraception. According to Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2001 data the prevalence of unmet needs in Nepal was ... -
Robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy - a systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-04-30)The primary aim of the thesis is to compare effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted radical prostatectomies (RALRP) and conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (LRP) using evidence based analyses. The secondary aim is to assess the current level of implementation of robotic surgical systems in prostate cancer treatment in Norwegian hospitals. Method A systematic review of studies that ... -
Dental caries prevention in the Dominican Republic. A cross-sectional study of the application of preventive measures among Dominican dental practitioners in the private sector
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-04-30)Prevalence of dental caries is still high in developing countries affecting mainly the low-income population. Knowledge of dental caries prevention among dental practitioners is one of the main aspects for the effectiveness in the provision of preventive measures. The purpose of study is to evaluate the application of preventive measures in regards of knowledge and impediments in dental caries ... -
The escalating diabetes epidemic: determinants of prevalence disparity between country income groups
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-01)Rationale: Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is continuing to be an increasing international health burden. But greatest increases of this burden are seen particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This thesis attempts to account for the factors associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the disparity in this prevalence across country income groups. Method: An analytic ecological ... -
Kreftrisiko ved snusbruk. Litteraturstudie
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-07-31)Sammendrag Bakgrunn I løpet av de siste årene har bruken av snus i Norge eksplodert, særlig blant unge. Det har vært omdiskutert hvorvidt bruk av snus medfører helserisiko. Bruk av snus virker å være sosialt akseptert i en tid da røykeforbudet er gjeldende i det offentlige rom og på de fleste arbeidsplasser. Det kan synes som at man har støttet seg på argumentet om at så lenge snus er mindre farlig ... -
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Norway Reveals Multiple New Sequence Types and a Large Genetic Diversity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)The Chlamydia trachomatis incidence rate in Finnmark, the most northern and sparsely populated county in Norway, has been twice the national average. This population based cross-sectional study among Finnmark high school students had the following aims: i) to examine distribution of multilocus sequence types (STs) of C. trachomatis in a previously unmapped area, ii) to compare chlamydia genetic ... -
Important risk factors and attributable risk of vertebral fractures in the population-based Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)Vertebral fractures, the most common type of osteoporotic fractures, are associated with increased risk of subsequent fracture, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of important risk factors to the variability in vertebral fracture risk. Vertebral fracture was ascertained by VFA method (DXA, GE Lunar Prodigy) in 2887 men and women, aged between 38 and 87 ...
