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dc.contributor.advisorHauglann, Beate
dc.contributor.authorGustavsen, Elin Marthinussen
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-08T12:34:46Z
dc.date.available2025-04-08T12:34:46Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-25
dc.description.abstractThe risk of developing cancer increases with age, and the number of new cancer cases is expected to rise among the elderly due to an aging population, posing significant challenges to the health care system. This thesis investigated: (i) geographic and socioeconomic variations in curative treatment and choice of treatment modality for elderly patients with high-risk prostate cancer; (ii) geographic and socioeconomic variations in the provision of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage III colon cancer; and (iii) the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy timing on 5-year survival. The analyses were carried out using individual-level data from mandatory health and administrative registries with national and complete coverage. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine geographic and socioeconomic variations, and Cox hazards regression was used to investigate overall survival according to the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy. The studies found geographic and socioeconomic variations in cancer treatment to elderly patients. Elderly prostate cancer patients with lower income and education levels were less likely to receive curative treatment. Similar disparities were observed in adjuvant chemotherapy provision for colon cancer patients. Additionally, elderly patients living alone were less likely to receive treatment compared to those living with a cohabitant. The research also found that initiating adjuvant chemotherapy during weeks 7–10 after resection did not increase mortality risk compared to starting within the first 6 weeks, suggesting potential flexibility in treatment timing beyond national guidelines. This thesis highlights significant disparities in cancer treatment influenced by place of residence and socioeconomic factors, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to ensure equitable healthcare for elderly patients across different regions and socioeconomic groups.en_US
dc.description.abstractRisikoen for kreft øker med alderen, og antallet nye krefttilfeller forventes å stige, spesielt blant eldre, på grunn av en aldrende befolkning. Dette utgjør en betydelig utfordring for helsevesenet. Denne avhandlingen undersøkte: i) geografisk og sosioøkonomisk variasjon i kurativ behandling og behandlingsvalg blant eldre med høyrisiko prostatakreft; ii) variasjon i anbefalt adjuvant kjemoterapi for eldre med stadium III tykktarmskreft; iii) effekten av tidspunktet for oppstart av adjuvant kjemoterapi på 5-års overlevelse hos eldre pasienter. Analysene er basert på landsdekkende registerdata av høy kvalitet. Multilevel logistisk regresjon ble brukt for å undersøke geografiske og sosioøkonomiske variasjoner, mens Cox-regresjon ble brukt for å vurdere overlevelse i forhold til tidspunktet for adjuvant kjemoterapi. Studiene avdekket geografisk variasjon i både kurativ behandling og behandlingsvalg for eldre med høyrisiko prostatakreft, samt i adjuvant kjemoterapi for eldre med stadium III tykktarmskreft. Sosioøkonomiske forskjeller ble også funnet, der prostatakreftpasienter med lavere inntekt og utdanning fikk mindre kurativ behandling. Tilsvarende resultater ble observert for adjuvant kjemoterapi til tykktarmskreftpasienter. Eldre som bodde alene hadde lavere odds for å motta behandling enn de som bodde med en partner. Oppstart av adjuvant kjemoterapi i uke 7–10 etter reseksjon var ikke knyttet til økt dødelighet sammenlignet med oppstart innen de første 6 ukene. Funnene antyder en mulig fleksibilitet i tidspunktet for oppstart av adjuvant kjemoterapi i forhold til nasjonale retningslinjer. Avhandlingen avdekker betydelige forskjeller i kreftbehandling for eldre, både ut fra bosted og sosioøkonomi, og understreker behovet for tiltak for å sikre likeverdig helsetilbud til eldre kreftpasienter på tvers av geografiske regioner og sosioøkonomiske grupper.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractAs we age, the risk of cancer increases. This will lead to a rise in cancer cases, especially among the elderly. This poses a challenge to the health care system. The thesis examined whether elderly cancer patients in Norway receive equal treatment based on their residence and socioeconomic status, focusing on prostate and colon cancer. The study used national registry data and found variations in cancer treatment related to the patients’ residence and background. Patients with lower income and education were less likely to receive treatment compared to those with higher income and education. Similarly, elderly living alone were less likely to receive treatment than those with partners. Moreover, the study indicated that delaying chemotherapy to week 8 after surgery did not increase mortality compared to starting within the first 6 weeks, suggesting some flexibility in treatment timing. These findings underscore the need for initiatives to ensure equitable health care for the elderly.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipPhd-prosjektet er fullt finansiert av Helse Nord RHF gjennom tildeling av forskningsmidler (HNF1567-21)en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-350-0016-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/36867
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Gustavsen, E.M., Haug, E.S., Haukland, E., Heimdal, R., Stensland, E., Myklebust, T.Å. & Hauglann, B. (2024). Geographic and socioeconomic variation in treatment of elderly prostate cancer patients in Norway – a national register-based study. <i>Research in Health Services & Regions, 3</i>, 8. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34882>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34882</a>. <p>Paper II: Gustavsen, E.M., Norderval, S., Dørum, L.M., Balto, A., Heimdal, R., Vonen, B., Stensland, E., Haukland, E. & Hauglann, B. (2024). Socioeconomic and geographic variation in adjuvant chemotherapy among elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway – a national register-based cohort study. <i>Research in Health Services & Regions, 3</i>, 21. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/36728>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/36728</a>. <p>Paper III: Gustavsen, E.M., Norderval, S., Dørum, L.M., Stensland, E., Haukland, E., Tesfay, Y. & Hauglann, B. Impact of timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation on survival for elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway – a register-based cohort study. (Submitted manuscript).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2025 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectHelsetjenesteforskningen_US
dc.titleVariation in cancer treatment of elderly patients in Norway - Geographic, socioeconomic, and impact of timingen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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