dc.contributor.advisor | Tveita, Torkjel | |
dc.contributor.author | Schanche, Torstein Lindahl | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-22T13:13:37Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-05-22T13:13:37Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-06-06 | |
dc.description.abstract | Successful management of patients suffering accidental hypothermia can be challenged by a circulatory dysfunction associated with impaired cardiac contractility and reduced intravascular volume. Furthermore, effects of medications can be altered during hypothermia. Despite reports demonstrating survival from hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rewarming with extracorporeal circulation (ECC), the overall outcome remains poor and the level of scientific evidence to guide treatment is low.
In paper I, we compared different fluid regimes in a rat model of ECC rewarming from HCA and found that a colloid priming solution led to less tissue edema, increased circulating blood volume and organ blood flow compared to a crystalloid solution. This illustrates that composition of fluid additions may have importance during ECC rewarming.
Paper II describes effects of ECC rewarming to restore O2 transport and organ blood flow following prolonged (3h) CPR at 27°C in pigs. ECC rewarming restored hemodynamics, O2 extraction ratios and blood flow to most organs compared to baseline pre-hypothermia. O2 delivery and consumption remained significantly reduced. This study adds knowledge to how prolonged HCA affects cardiovascular function and supports the role of ECC rewarming, even after CPR for several hours.
In Paper III we tested different fluid regimes to maintain euvolemia during rewarming in rats. Treatment with a crystalloid and colloid solution both mitigated the post-hypothermic myocardial dysfunction and accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ observed in untreated control animals. These results encourage intravenous fluids therapy to maintain euvolemia during rewarming from hypothermia.
In paper IV we investigated effects of epinephrine to mitigate hypothermia-induced contractile dysfunction in rat cardiomyocytes. The reduced contractile response of cardiomyocytes after rewarming was not mitigated by epinephrine. The same concentration of epinephrine improved contractile function in cardiomyocytes not exposed to hypothermia. We conclude that epinephrine does not mitigate hypothermia-induced contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Vellykket behandling av pasienter med aksidentell hypotermi kan være utfordrende da effekter av medisiner endres ved lav kroppstemperatur og pasientene kan utvikle en sirkulasjonssvikt assosiert med nedsatt hjertepumpefunksjon og blodvolum. Selv om mange kasuistikker rapporterer overlevelse med godt utfall etter hypoterm hjertestans som behandles med hjerte-lunge-redning (HLR) og oppvarming med ekstrakorporeal sirkulasjon (EKS), er utfallet dårlig for de fleste pasienter og det mangler evidensbasert kunnskap til å veilede klinisk behandling.
I Artikkel I sammenlignet vi ulike væskeregimer i en rottemodell for EKS-oppvarming fra hypoterm hjertestans. Vi fant at å fylle EKS-kretsen med en kolloidløsning sammenlignet med en krystalloidløsning førte til redusert vevsødem, økt blodvolum og organblodgjennomstrømming. Studien illustrerer at komposisjonen av væsketilskudd kan ha betydning ved EKS-oppvarming.
Artikkel II beskriver effekter av EKS-oppvarming til å gjenopprette oksygentransport og organblodgjennomstrømming etter langvarig (3 timer) HLR i nedkjølte (27°C) gris. EKS-oppvarming førte til gjenoppretting av hemodynamiske parametere, oksygenekstraksjonsratio og blodgjennomstrømming i de fleste organer sammenlignet med utgangsverdier målt før nedkjøling. Studien bidrar til økt kunnskap om hvordan kardiovaskulær funksjon påvirkes ved langvarig HLR ved hypotermi, og støtter den viktige rollen til EKS-oppvarming ved denne tilstanden.
I artikkel III testet vi ulike væskeregimer for å opprettholde normalt blodvolum under oppvarming fra hypotermi i en rottemodell. Væsketilførsel med både en kolloidløsning og krystalloidløsning førte til bedring av den reduserte hjertefunksjonen og opphopning av intracellulær kalsium i hjertemuskelceller som ble observert i ubehandlede kontrolldyr. Resultatene støtter bruk av intravenøs væskebehandling for å opprettholde normalt blodvolum under oppvarming fra hypotermi.
I artikkel IV undersøkte vi om adrenalinbehandling førte til bedring av hypotermi-indusert kontraktil dysfunksjon i hjertemuskelceller fra rotter. Vi fant at adrenalin ikke bedret kontraktil funksjon i hjertemuskelceller etter nedkjøling og oppvarming. Den samme konsentrasjonen av adrenalin bedret kontraktil funksjon i hjertemuskelceller som ikke hadde vært nedkjølt. Vi konkluderer med at adrenalinbehandling ikke bedrer hypotermi-indusert kontraktil dysfunksjon i hjertemuskelceller. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | Accidental hypothermia is a rare and dangerous condition, it can cause derangements of cardiovascular function including cardiac arrest and effects of medications may change. Performing controlled studies in human is challenging and scientific evidence to guide treatment is lacking. Therefore, we performed studies in animal models aiming to increase knowledge and improve outcome.
We cooled rats and pigs to cardiac arrest and rewarmed them with a heart-lung machine. In rats, we tested different fluid types and found that one of them improved blood flow and caused less edema. After 3 hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs, the heart-lung machine restored blood flow to vital organs.
Rats rewarmed from 15°C were treated with intravenous fluids to maintain normal blood volume, this led to improved cardiac function compared to untreated rats.
Cardiac cells cooled to 15°C and rewarmed to 37°C showed reduced contractile function, which was not improved after treatment with epinephrine. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Stipend fra UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-350-0027-9 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/37118 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Schanche, T., Kondratiev, T.V. & Tveita, T. (2019). Extracorporeal rewarming from experimental hypothermia: Effects of hydroxyethyl starch vs saline priming on fluid balance and blood flow distribution. <i>Experimental Physiology, 104</i>, 1353-1362. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1113/EP087786>https://doi.org/10.1113/EP087786</a>. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18512>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18512</a>.
<p>Paper II: Nilsen, J.H., Schanche, T., Valkov, S., Mohyuddin, R., Håheim, B., Kondratiev, T.V., Næsheim, T., Sieck, G.C. & Tveita, T. (2021). Effects of rewarming with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to restore oxygen transport and organ blood flow after hypothermic cardiac arrest in a porcine model. <i>Scientific Reports, 11</i>, 18918. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23160>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23160</a>.
<p>Paper III: Nilsen, J.H., Schanche, T., Kondratiev, T.V., Hevrøy, O., Sieck, G.C. & Tveita, T. (2021). Maintaining intravenous volume mitigates hypothermia-induced myocardial dysfunction and accumulation of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>. <i>Experimental Physiology, 106</i>, 1196-1207. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23442>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23442</a>.
<p>Paper IV: Schanche, T., Han, Y.S., Jensen, C.W., Arteaga, G.M., Tveita, T. & Sieck, G.C. β-adrenergic stimulation after rewarming does not mitigate hypothermia-induced contractile dysfunction in rat cardiomyocytes. (Submitted manuscript). Now published in <i>Cryobiology, 116</i>, 2024, 104927, available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104927>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104927</a>. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/36600>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/36600</a>. | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.subject | Accidental hypothermia | en_US |
dc.subject | Resuscitation | en_US |
dc.subject | Extracorporeal circulation | en_US |
dc.subject | Epinephrine | en_US |
dc.subject | Blood volume | en_US |
dc.subject | Fluid treatment | en_US |
dc.subject | Colloid solution | en_US |
dc.subject | Crystalloid solution | en_US |
dc.subject | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | en_US |
dc.title | Resuscitation from severe accidental hypothermia - An experimental study with special reference to management of hypothermia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction and cardiac arrest | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |