dc.contributor.advisor | Johansen, May-Lill | |
dc.contributor.author | Andreassen, Kristine Elvevold | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-08-12T12:21:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-08-12T12:21:33Z | |
dc.date.embargoEndDate | 2027-08-29 | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-08-29 | |
dc.description.abstract | This thesis provides an ethnographic exploration of the resilience, agency, and creative strategies of Haitian youth connected to a youth club in Delmas 31–33, Port-au-Prince. The study employs collaborative, multimodal, and sensorial methodologies to interpret embodied and performed expressions. Conducted over six years (2012–2018), the longitudinal approach allowed for the development of trust and deeper insights into the participants’ lived experiences and negotiations of harsh social realities shaped by neo-colonial structures of poverty and oppression. The study investigates paradoxical sources of resilience, such as finding strength in sadness, identifying capacities that help youth negotiate moral selves and respected identities. The study also identifies gendered threats and reasons for social exclusion, while exploring empirical concepts illustrating how Haitian youth transition from “falling” through “rising” and “finding balance” to “balancing forward.” The study reveals creative strategies for navigating oppressive hierarchies and conflicting moral beliefs, with faith in the spiritual presence of revolutionary ancestors serving as a source to resistance and liberation. These findings highlight the embodied and transgenerational wisdom rooted in local cultures of resistance. Further, the study reflects on its methodological contributions through the collaborative creation of a hip-hop song and music video. While also focusing on the youths’ tendency for “subjunctive tactics” to express, perform and embody a hopefulness that is deeply aware of life’s’ uncertainties. It provides the theoretical contribution of highlighting the usefulness of looking for subjunctive markers when researching youth in vulnerable positions, to grasp the complexities of lived experience. The thesis offers critical reflections that contribute to a broad range of scholarly fields, especially to the understudied field of Haitian youth, but also to studies of marginalized youth across the globe. Enhancing the participating youths’ voices, the study contribute invaluable insights to debates on decoloniality. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Denne avhandlingen gir en etnografisk utforskning av motstandskraft og kreative strategier blant haitiske ungdommer tilknyttet en ungdomsklubb i Delmas 31–33, Port-au-Prince. Studien benytter seg av samarbeidsbaserte, multimodale og sanselige metodologier for å tolke kroppslige og performative uttrykk. Gjennomført over seks år (2012–2018) har den longitudinelle tilnærmingen muliggjort utvikling av tillit og dypere innsikt i deltakernes levde erfaringer og forhandlinger med harde sosiale realiteter formet av nykoloniale strukturer, fattigdom og undertrykkelse. Studien undersøker paradoksale kilder til motstandskraft, som å finne styrke i tristhet, og identifiserer kapasitetene som hjelper ungdommer med å forhandle frem moralske og respekterte identiteter. Den identifiserer også kjønnsrelaterte trusler og årsaker til sosial ekskludering, samtidig som den utforsker empiriske konsepter som illustrerer hvordan haitiske ungdommer går fra å "falle" til å "reise seg," "finne balanse" og "balansere fremover." Studien avdekker kreative strategier for å navigere undertrykkende hierarkier og motstridende moralske overbevisninger, der troen på en spirituell tilstedeværelse av revolusjonære forfedre fungerer som en kilde til motstand og frigjøring. Disse funnene fremhever den kroppslige og transgenerasjonelle visdommen som er forankret i lokale motstandskulturer. Videre reflekterer studien over sine metodologiske bidrag gjennom det samarbeidsbaserte arbeidet med å skape en hiphop-låt og musikkvideo. Den fokuserer også på ungdommenes tendens til å bruke "subjunktive taktikker" for å uttrykke, kroppsliggjøre og praktisere et fremtidshåp som er dypt bevisst på livets usikkerheter. Studien gir et teoretisk bidrag ved å fremheve nytten av å lete etter subjunktive markører når man forsker på ungdom i sårbare posisjoner, for å bedre få tak på kompleksiteten i deres levde erfaringer. Avhandlingen tilbyr kritiske refleksjoner som bidrar til et bredt spekter av akademiske felt, spesielt til det underutforskede feltet haitisk ungdom, men også til studier av marginaliserte ungdommer over hele verden. Ved å forsterke stemmene til de deltakende ungdommene, gir studien uvurderlige innsikter til debatter om dekolonialitet. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | Understanding Resilience and Creativity Among Haitian Youth
This thesis takes us into the lives of young people from the shantytowns of Delmas 31–33, a neighbourhood in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to explore how they navigate the challenges of poverty, social inequality, and oppression. These youths are members of a local youth club, Etap Jenes, where they come together to learn, create, and support one another. Over six years, the researcher visited and revisited, and lived and worked closely with them for a total of ten months. She used creative and collaborative methods to understand their struggles, hopes, and strategies for building better futures.
The study focuses on how these young people show resilience and agency—how they find ways to cope, grow, and take action despite the harsh realities they face. It also looks at how their creativity, rooted in local culture and history, helps them imagine and work toward change. Importantly, the research takes a decolonial approach, meaning it challenges the lingering effects of colonialism and Eurocentric ideas, and highlighting the youths’ own voices, perspectives, and cultural knowledge.
Paper I: Finding Strength in Sadness
The first paper explores a surprising idea: that sadness can be a core source of happiness. One youth leader, Kenley, explained, “I base my life on sadness … I need it to feel happy.” This paradoxical way of coping was echoed by others, who described how reflecting on their struggles helped them grow stronger and wiser. The study identified four key qualities that help these youths navigate their lives: hope, pride, empathy, and wisdom. These qualities are not just abstract ideas—they are expressed in their everyday actions, body language, and relationships. The paper highlights how their resilience is deeply connected to their social networks, cultural traditions, and a sense of responsibility to others.
Paper II: Searching for Life
The second paper follows Teresa, a young woman trying to escape poverty and build a stable life. Her story shows the many obstacles Haitian youth face, especially young women. After becoming pregnant outside of marriage, Teresa was abandoned by her partner and faced shame and isolation. Despite this, she found ways to “balance forward,” drawing on her inner strength and the support of her community. The paper identifies four stages that describe how youths navigate their futures: falling, rising, keeping balance, and balancing forward. It also reveals how their faith in Haiti’s revolutionary ancestors inspires them to resist oppression and keep searching for a better life.
Paper III: Rapping Their Reality
The third paper focuses on the youths’ creative expression through hip-hop. Together, they created a song and music video called Rapping our Reality, which became a powerful way for them to share their experiences and hopes. The study looks at how they use “subjunctive tactics”—a way of imagining what could be, rather than just accepting what is. This hopeful, forward-looking mindset helps them navigate the many dangers and uncertainties of their lives. The youth club became a space for moral experimentation, where they could explore different ways of representing themselves and their values. Interestingly, while many identified as Christians, their reflections also revealed a deep connection to Vodou beliefs, showing how they blend different worldviews to make sense of their realities.
What This Research Tells Us
Together, these papers paint a vivid picture of the resilience, creativity, and complexity of Haitian youth. They show how young people in one of the world’s most challenging environments find ways to cope, grow, and imagine better futures. Their strategies are deeply rooted in local culture, history, and spirituality, offering valuable lessons for understanding resilience and agency in other contexts.
This research also challenges stereotypes about Haiti and its people. Too often, Haiti is portrayed as a place of hopelessness and despair. But this thesis shows a different side: one of strength, creativity, and resistance. It highlights how young Haitians draw on their cultural heritage, including the legacy of their revolutionary ancestors, to navigate and manage in their lives despite the forces that oppress them. It shows a need to understand and accept local religious practices and worldviews for what they are, and to understand that forcing one’s own belief on others contributes to the overwhelming oppressive forces people from the urban shantytowns of Haiti live under.
Finally, the study contributes to global discussions about youth agency, decolonisation, and representation. It reminds us of the importance of listening to young people, especially those in marginalised communities, and recognising the value of their voices, experiences, and ideas. It is the researchers strong belief that their experience and knowledge from navigating life at the edges, hold important insights to help us rediscover the richness of our shared humanity, across borders and cultures. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | The study is funded by an internal grant from the Health Faculty at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. It has also received funding by Research Unit for General Practice and Norwegian Centre for Rural Medicine. | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-350-0039-2 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/37964 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Andreassen, K.E., Kirkengen, A.L. & Johansen, M.-L. (2023). “I base my life on sadness”: Apparently paradoxical sources of resilience among young Haitians. <i>Transcultural Psychiatry, 60</i>(6), 985-996. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/32236>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/32236</a>.
<p>Paper II: Andreassen, K.E., Johansen, M.-L. & Waage, T. “Watch out (for us) so we don’t fall”: Young people “searching for life” in Haitian shantytowns. (Submitted manuscript).
<p>Paper III: Andreassen, K.E., Johansen, M.-L. & Fredriksen-Kvamme, M. «Rapping our Reality»: Young people approaching the Haitian future in the subjunctive. (Manuscript under review). | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | embargoedAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | Haiti | en_US |
dc.subject | Youth | en_US |
dc.subject | Agency | en_US |
dc.subject | Oppression | en_US |
dc.subject | Decoloniality | en_US |
dc.title | From Resilience to Resistance: A longitudinal multimodal ethnographic study among young Haitians | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |