Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Although the five-, ten- and fifteen-year survival rates are good for breast cancer patients diagnosed with early-stage disease, some cancers recur many years after completion of primary therapy. Tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution may lead to distant metastasis and therapy resistance, which are the main causes of breast cancer-associated ...

Background: Communication training builds on the assumption that understanding of the concepts related to professional communication facilitates the training. We know little about whether students' knowledge of clinical communication skills is affected by their attendance of communication training courses, or to what degree other elements of the clinical training or curriculum design also play a ...

Computations of placebo effects are essential in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for separating the specific effects of treatments from unspecific effects associated with the therapeutic intervention. Thus, the identification of placebo responders is important for testing the efficacy of treatments and drugs. The present study uses data from an experimental study on placebo analgesia to suggest ...

The aim of the present study was to examine how the cyberbullying status (not involved, cyber‐victim only, cyberbully only, cyber‐victim and bully) is related to the mental health of the adolescents when controlled for traditional bullying experience. We also examined the potential moderator sex on the relationship between cyberbullying status and mental health. Univariate analyses of variance were ...

Anti-angiogenic therapies were approved for different cancers. However, significant primary and secondary resistance hampers efficacy in several tumor types including breast cancer. Thus, we need to develop clinically applicable strategies to enhance efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs. We report that anti-angiogenic therapies can induce upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and of its product ...

BACKGROUND<br> Epidemiological studies show that high circulating cystatin C is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of creatinine-based renal function measurements. It is unclear whether this relationship is causal, arises from residual confounding, and/or is a consequence of reverse causation.<br> OBJECTIVES<br>The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization ...

BACKGROUND - The accuracy of estimation of kidney function with the use of routine metabolic tests, such as measurement of the serum creatinine level, has been controversial. The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) developed a creatinine-based equation (EKFC eGFRcr) to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a rescaled serum creatinine level (i.e., the serum creatinine level is ...

<p><i>Background and Objectives</i>: In a previous pilot study, we demonstrated significantly lower haemoglobin (Hb) increment after red‐blood‐cell (RBC) transfusions in febrile patients compared to patients without fever. The aim of this study was to examine associations between inflammatory mediators and post‐transfusion haemoglobin increment in patients with haematological diseases.</p> <p>< ...

Bakgrunn: Punksjonscytologi er et viktig ledd i diagnostikken av tumor i spyttkjertler. Flere studier har blitt gjort på testegenskaper, og diagnostisk sensitivitet for cytologi av maligne tumorer er blitt beskrevet mellom 55-88%. Vi ønsket med denne oppgaven å undersøke diagnostisk sensitivitet for punksjonscytologi av spyttkjerteltumorer utført ved Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge. Materiale ...