Blar i forfatter Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet "Idahl, Annika"

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    • Androgens are differentially associated with ovarian cancer subtypes in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium 

      Ose, Jennifer; Poole, Elizabeth M.; Schock, Helena; Lehtinen, Matti; Arslan, Alan A.; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Visvanathan, Kala; Helzlsouer, Kathy; Buring, Julie E.; Lee, I-Min; Tjønneland, Anne; Dossus, Laure; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Masala, Giovanna; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Duell, Eric J.; Idahl, Annika; Travis, Ruth C.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Merritt, Melissa A.; Trabert, Britton; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Tworoger, Shelley S.; Kaaks, Rudolf; Fortner, Renée T. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-05)
      Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The etiology of EOC remains elusive; however, experimental and epidemiologic data suggest a role for hormone-related exposures in ovarian carcinogenesis and risk factor differences by histologic phenotypes and developmental pathways. Research on pre-diagnosis androgen concentrations and EOC risk has yielded inconclusive ...

    • Cigarette Smoking and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses 

      Dimou, Niki; Omiyale, Wemimo; Biessy, Carine; Viallon, Vivian; Kaaks, Rudolf; O'Mara, Tracy A.; Aglago, Elom K.; Ardanaz, Eva; Bergmann, Manuela M.; Bondonno, Nicola P.; Braaten, Tonje; Colorado-Yohar, Sandra M.; Crous-Bou, Marta; Dahm, Christina C.; Fortner, Renée T.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Harlid, Sophia; Heath, Alicia K.; Idahl, Annika; Kvaskoff, Marina; Nøst, Therese Haugdahl; Overvad, Kim; Palli, Domenico; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Sánchez, Maria-Jose; Schulze, Matthias B.; Severi, Gianluca; Simeon, Vittorio; Tagliabue, Giovanna; Tjønneland, Anne; Truong, Thérése; Tumino, Rosario; Johansson, Mattias; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Murphy, Neil; Gunter, Marc J.; Lacey, Ben; Allen, Naomi E.; Dossus, Laure (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-16)
      Background: Current epidemiologic evidence indicates that smoking is associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. However, it is unknown if this association is causal or confounded. To further elucidate the role of smoking in endometrial cancer risk, we conducted complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.<p> <p>Methods: The observational analyses included 286,415 ...

    • Correlates of circulating ovarian cancer early detection markers and their contribution to discrimination of early detection models: results from the EPIC cohort 

      Fortner, Renée T.; Vitonis, Allison F.; Schock, Helena; Hüsing, Anika; Johnson, Theron; Fichorova, Raina Nakove; Fashemi, Titilayo; Yamamoto, Hidemi S.; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise; Overvad, Kim; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Kvaskoff, Marina; Severi, Gianluca; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Benetou, Vassiliki; La Vecchia, Carlo; Palli, Domenico; Sieri, Sabina; Tumino, Rosario; Matullo, Giuseppe; Mattiello, Amalia; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peeters, Petra H.; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Gram, Inger Torhild; Jareid, Mie; Quirós, José Ramón; Duell, Eric J.; Sánchez, Mariá-José; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Ardanaz, Eva; Larrañaga, Nerea; Nodin, Björn; Brändstedt, Jenny; Idahl, Annika; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Allen, Naomi; Gunter, Marc; Johansson, Mattias; Dossus, Laure; Merritt, Melissa A.; Riboli, Elio; Cramer, Daniel W.; Kaaks, Rudolf; Terry, Kathryn L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-20)
      Background: Ovarian cancer early detection markers CA125, CA15.3, HE4, and CA72.4 vary between healthy women, limiting their utility for screening. <br>Methods: We evaluated cross-sectional relationships between lifestyle and reproductive factors and these markers among controls ( n = 1910) from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ...

    • Development and validation of circulating CA125 prediction models in postmenopausal women 

      Sasamoto, Naoko; Babic, Ana; Rosner, Bernard A.; Fortner, Renée T.; Vitonis, Allison F; Yamamoto, Hidemi; Fichorova, Raina N.; Titus, Linda J.; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise; Kvaskoff, Marina; Fournier, Agnès; Mancini, Francesca Romana; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Peppa, Eleni; Karakatsani, Anna; Palli, Domenico; Grioni, Sara; Mattiello, Amalia; Tumino, Rosario; Fiano, Valentina; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Gram, Inger Torhild; Quirós, José Ramón; Lujan-Barroso, Leila; Sánchez, María-José; Colorado-Yohar, Sandra; Barricarte, Aurelio; Amiano, Pilar; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Sartor, Hanna; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Key, Timothy J.; Muller, David; Riboli, Elio; Gunter, Marc; Dossus, Laure; Trabert, Britton; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Kaaks, Rudolf; Cramer, Daniel W.; Tworoger, Shelley S.; Terry, Kathryn L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-26)
      <i>Background</i> - Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) is currently the best available ovarian cancer screening biomarker. However, CA125 has been limited by low sensitivity and specificity in part due to normal variation between individuals. Personal characteristics that influence CA125 could be used to improve its performance as screening biomarker.<p><p> <i>Methods</i> - We developed and validated ...

    • An epidemiologic risk prediction model for ovarian cancer in Europe: The EPIC study 

      Li, Kuanrong; Hüsing, Anika; Fortner, Renée Turzanski; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise Seier; Dossus, Laure; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Bergmann, Manuela M.; Steffen, Annika; Bamia, Christina; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Palli, Domenico; Mattiello, Amalia; Agnoli, Claudia; Tumino, Rosaria; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peeters, Petra H.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Gram, Inger Torhild; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Sánchez-Cantalejo, Emilio; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Duell, Eric J.; Ardanaz, Eva; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Travis, Ruth C.; Merritt, Melissa A.; Gunter, Marc J.; Riboli, Elio; Ferrari, Pietro; Terry, Kathryn L.; Cramer, Daniel William; Kaaks, Rudolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-05)
      Background: Ovarian cancer has a high case-fatality ratio, largely due to late diagnosis. Epidemiologic risk prediction models could help identify women at increased risk who may benefit from targeted prevention measures, such as screening or chemopreventive agents.<p> <p>Methods: We built an ovarian cancer risk prediction model with epidemiologic risk factors from 202 206 women in the European ...

    • High levels of C-reactive protein are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer: Results from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium 

      Peres, Lauren C.; Mallen, Adrianne R.; Townsend, Mary K.; Poole, Elizabeth M.; Trabert, Britton; Allen, Naomi E.; Arslan, Alan A.; Dossus, Laure; Fortner, Renee T.; Gram, Inger T.; Hartge, Patricia; Idahl, Annika; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kvaskoff, Marina; Magliocco, Anthony M.; Merritt, Melissa A.; Quirós, Ramón; Tjonneland, Anne; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Tumino, Rosario; van Gils, Carla H.; Visvanathan, Kala; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Tworoger, Shelley S. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-28)
      Growing epidemiologic evidence supports chronic inflammation as a mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis. An association between a circulating marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ovarian cancer risk has been consistently observed, yet, potential heterogeneity of this association by tumor and patient characteristics has not been adequately explored. In this study, we pooled data from ...

    • Insulin-like growth factor I and risk of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer by tumour characteristics: Results from the EPIC cohort 

      Ose, Jennifer; Fortner, Renée T; Schock, Helena; Peeters, Petra H.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Gram, Inger Torhild; Overvad, Kim; Tjønneland, Anne; Dossus, Laure; Fournier, Agnes; Baglietto, Laura; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Benetou, Vassiliki; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Boeing, Heiner; Masala, Giovanna; Krogh, Vittorio; Matiello, Amalia; Tumino, Rosaria; Popovic, Maja; Obón-Santacana, Mireia; Larrañaga, Nerea; Ardanaz, Eva; Sánchez, María-José; Menéndez, Virginia; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Travis, Ruth C.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Brändstedt, Jenny; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Rinaldi, Sabina; Kuhn, Elisabetta; Romieu, Isabelle; Gunter, Marc J.; Merritt, Melissa A.; Riboli, Elio; Kaaks, Rudolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-11-04)
      Background: Prospective studies on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk are inconclusive. Data suggest risk associations vary by tumour characteristics.<p> <p>Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to evaluate IGF-I concentrations and EOC risk by tumour characteristics ...

    • Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 

      Kliemann, Nathalie; Ammar, Romain Ould; Biessy, Carine; Gicquiau, Audrey; Katzke, Verena; Kaaks, Rudolf; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Sánchez, Maria-Jose; Crous-Bou, Marta; Pasanisi, Fabrizio; Tin, Sandar Tin; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Aune, Dagfinn; Christakoudi, Sofia; Heath, Alicia K.; Colorado-Yohar, Sandra M.; Grioni, Sara; Skeie, Guri; Sartor, Hanna; Idahl, Annika; Rylander, Charlotta; May, Anne M.; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Freisling, Heinz; Playdon, Mary C.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Murphy, Neil; Huybrechts, Inge; Dossus, Laure; Gunter, Marc J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-01)
      Background: Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer but whether metabolic dysfunction is associated with endometrial cancer independent of body size is not known.<p> <p>Methods: The association of metabolically defined body size phenotypes with endometrial cancer risk was investigated in a nested case–control study (817 cases/ 817 controls) within the European Prospective Investigation ...

    • Multiple miscarriages are associated with the risk of ovarian cancer: results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition 

      Braem, Marieke G.M.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Schouten, Leo J; Kruitwagen, Roy F.P.M.; Lukanova, Annekatrin; Allen, Naomi E.; Wark, Petra A.; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise; Braüner, Christina Marie; Overvad, Kim; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie; Teucher, Birgit; Floegel, Anna; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Adarakis, George; Plada, Maria; Rinaldi, Sabina; Fedirko, Veronika; Romieu, Isabelle; Pala, Valeria; Galasso, Rocco; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Palli, Domenico; Tumino, Rosario; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Gram, Inger Torhild; Gavrilyuk, Oxana; Lund, Eiliv; Sanchez, Maria-José; Bonet, Catalina; Chirlaque, María Dolores; Larranaga, Nerea; Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte; Quirós, José R.; Idahl, Annika; Ohlson, Nina; Lundin, Eva; Jirström, Karin; Butt, Salma; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Wareham, Nick; Riboli, Elio; Kaaks, Rudolf; Peeters, Petra H.M. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      While the risk of ovarian cancer clearly reduces with each full-term pregnancy, the effect of incomplete pregnancies is unclear. We investigated whether incomplete pregnancies (miscarriages and induced abortions) are associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. This observational study was carried out in female participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ...

    • Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness: An analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium 

      Fortner, Renée T.; Poole, Elizabeth M.; Wentzensen, Nicolas A.; Trabert, Britton; White, Emily; Arslan, Alan A.; Patel, Alpa V.; Setiawan, V. Wendy; Visvanathan, Kala; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Adami, Hans Olov; Black, Amanda; Bernstein, Leslie; Brinton, Louise A.; Buring, Julie; Clendenen, Tess V.; Fournier, Agnès; Fraser, Gary; Gapstur, Susan M.; Gaudet, Mia M.; Giles, Graham G.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Hartge, Patricia; Hoffman-Bolton, Judith; Idahl, Annika; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kirsh, Victoria A.; Knutsen, Synnøve; Koh, Woon-Puay; Lacey, James V.; Lee, I-Min; Lundin, Eva; Merritt, Melissa A.; Milne, Roger L.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peters, Ulrike; Poynter, Jenny N.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Robien, Kim; Rohan, Thomas; Sánchez, María-José; Schairer, Catherine; Schouten, Leo J.; Tjønneland, Anne; Townsend, Mary K.; Travis, Ruth C.; Trichopoulou, Antonia; van den Brandt, Piet A.; Vineis, Paolo; Wilkens, Lynne; Wolk, Alicja; Yang, Hannah P.; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Tworoger, Shelley S. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-18)

    • Polyphenol Intake and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study 

      Londono, Catalina; Cayssials, Valerie; de Villasante, Izar; Crous-Bou, Marta; Scalbert, Augustin; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Agudo, Antonio; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Overvad, Kim; Katzke, Verena; Schulze, Matthias; Palli, Domenico; Krogh, Vittorio; De Magistris, Maria Santucci; Tumino, Rosario; Ricceri, Fulvio; Gram, Inger Torhild; Rylander, Charlotta; Skeie, Guri; Sanchez, Maria-Jose; Amiano, Pilar; Huerta, José María; Barricarte, Aurelio; Sartor, Hanna; Sonestedt, Emily; Esberg, Anders; Idahl, Annika; Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya; Laouali, Nasser; Kvaskoff, Marina; Turzanski-Fortner, Renée; Zamora-Ros, Raul (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-04)
      Despite some epidemiological evidence on the protective effects of polyphenol intake on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk from case-control studies, the evidence is scarce from prospective studies and non-existent for several polyphenol classes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the intake of total, classes and subclasses of polyphenols and EOC risk in a large ...

    • Pre-diagnosis insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer by histological subtypes: A collaborative re-analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium 

      Ose, Jennifer; Schock, Helena; Poole, Elizabeth M.; Lehtinen, Matti; Visvanathan, Kala; Helzlsouer, Kathy; Buring, Julie E.; Lee, I-Min; Tjønneland, Anne; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Mattiello, Amalia; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Sánchez, María-José; Idahl, Annika; Travis, Ruth C.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Merritt, Melissa A.; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Tworoger, Shelley S.; Kaaks, Rudolf; Fortner, Renée T. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-02-16)
      Purpose: <br>Biologic evidence suggests that the Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-family may be involved in the etiology of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer (EOC). However, prospective studies investigating the role of IGF-I in ovarian carcinogenesis have yielded conflicting results.<br> Methods: <br>We pooled and harmonized data from 6 case-control studies nested within the Ovarian Cancer ...

    • Prospective evaluation of 92 serum protein biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer 

      Mukama, Trasias; Fortner, Renée Turzanski; Katzke, Verena; Hynes, Lucas Cory; Petrera, Agnese; Hauck, Stefanie M.; Johnson, Theron; Schulze, Matthias; Schiborn, Catarina; Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha Linn; Tjønneland, Anne; Overvad, Kim; Pérez, María José Sánchez; Crous-Bou, Marta; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Amiano, Pilar; Ardanaz, Eva; Watts, Eleanor L.; Travis, Ruth C.; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Grioni, Sara; Masala, Giovanna; Signoriello, Simona; Tumino, Rosario; Gram, Inger Torhild; Sandanger, Torkjel M; Sartor, Hanna; Lundin, Eva; Idahl, Annika; Heath, Alicia K.; Dossus, Laure; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Kaaks, Rudolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-14)
      BACKGROUND: CA125 is the best available yet insufficiently sensitive biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. There is a need to identify novel biomarkers, which individually or in combination with CA125 can achieve adequate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of earlier-stage ovarian cancer.<p> <p>METHODS: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ...

    • Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer survival in the EPIC cohort study 

      Bešević, Jelena; Gunter, Marc J; Fortner, Renée T.; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Dossus, Laure; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise; Overvad, Kim; Mesrine, Sylvie; Baglietto, Laura; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Kaaks, Rudolf; Aleksandrova, Krasimira; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Lagiou, Pagona; Bamia, Christina; Masala, Giovanna; Agnoli, Claudia; Tumino, Rosario; Ricceri, Fulvio; Panico, Salvatore; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Peeters, Petra H.; Jareid, Mie; Quirós, J. Ramón; Duell, Eric J; Sánchez, María-José; Larrañaga, Nerea; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores; Barricarte, Aurelio; Dias, Joana A.; Sonestedt, Emily; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Travis, Ruth C.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Romieu, Isabelle; Riboli, Elio; Merritt, Melissa A. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-11-10)
      Background: Reproductive factors influence the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but little is known about their association with survival. We tested whether prediagnostic reproductive factors influenced EOC-specific survival among 1025 invasive EOC cases identified in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, which included 521 330 total ...

    • Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; a cohort study 

      Merritt, Melissa A.; Riboli, Elio; Murphy, Neil; Kadi, Mai; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Overvad, Kim; Dossus, Laure; Dartois, Laureen; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Fortner, Renée T.; Katzke, Verena A.; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Lagiou, Pagona; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Palli, Domenico; Sieri, Sabina; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Panico, Salvatore; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Peeters, Petra H.; Lund, Eiliv; Nakamura, Aurelie; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Quirós, José Ramón; Agudo, Antonio; Molina-Montes, Esther; Larranaga, Nerea; Dorronsoro, Miren; Cirera, Lluis; Barricarte, Aurelio; Olsson, Åsa; Butt, Salma; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Key, Timothy J.; Brennan, Paul; Ferrari, Pietro; Wark, Petra A.; Norat, Teresa; Cross, Amanda J.; Gunter, Mark J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-30)
      Background: Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes, yet little is known about how reproductive factors influence long-term health in women. Our objective was to assess the relation of reproductive characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. <p>Methods: The analysis was performed within the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ...

    • Serologic markers of Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted infections and subsequent ovarian cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort 

      Idahl, Annika; Le Cornet, Charlotte; González Maldonado, Sandra; Waterboer, Tim; Bender, Noemi; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Fournier, Agnès; Kvaskoff, Marina; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Valanou, Elissavet; Peppa, Eleni; Palli, Domenico; Agnoli, Claudia; Mattiello, Amalia; Tumino, Rosaria; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Gram, Inger Torhild; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Quirós, J. Ramón; Duell, Eric J.; Sánchez, Maria-Jose; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores; Barricarte, Aurelio; Gil, Leire; Brändstedt, Jenny; Riesbeck, Kristian; Lundin, Eva; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Gunter, Marc; Dossus, Laure; Kaaks, Rudolf; Fortner, Renée T. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-03)
      A substantial proportion of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) arises in the fallopian tube and other epithelia of the upper genital tract; these epithelia may incur damage and neoplastic transformation after sexually transmitted infections (STI) and pelvic inflammatory disease. We investigated the hypothesis that past STI infection, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis, is associated with higher EOC ...