Active use of the preparatory stage to promote a concentrated main hearing is a key element in Norwegian civil procedure. The judge actively manages the cage and prepares it for the main hearing. Judicial discretion is an important tool to allow the judge to tailor the proceedings to the need of the parties. If an issue or question is unclear, the judge has a duty to help the parties clarify the ...

Traditionally, European civil procedure systems have displayed a range of structures. Currently, systems are converging around the main hearing model, which international soft law initiatives on civil procedure also endorse. This text discusses the main content and principles of the main hearing model and its application in English, Finnish, German and Norwegian law. The influence of the underlying ...

Artikkelen tar for seg reglene for tilgang til helseopplysninger med utgangspunkt i behovene som foreligger i prosjekter der forskere, utviklere eller andre ønsker å behandle opplysningene ved hjelp av maskinlæring. Spørsmål om behandlingsgrunnlag, formålsbegrensning og dataminimering etter GDPR drøftes, før den norske helselovgivningens bestemmelser om tilgang til helseopplysninger analyseres. Både ...

The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions and attacks. Such measures have been mostly aimed at oil tankers. This article examines the maritime incidents that occurred in the Strait of Hormuz in ...

Fisheries management has been a strongly contested aspect of the UK’s position in the EU since UK accession, with the fshing industry frequently questioning both the efcacy and fairness of arrangements. During the campaign for UK exit (Brexit) from the EU, and the subsequent negotiations of a new legal and political relationship from 2016 to 2020, senior UK political leaders strongly committed to ...

The prospect of speech analysis by means of technologies based on natural language processing (NLP) lies in the anticipated ability of algorithms to hear what humans cannot. The premise is that even experienced psychiatrists dedicating their full attention to the patient cannot be expected to pick up on all the granular signals that might be present in the patient’s speech or to utilize the complex ...

The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions and attacks. Such measures have been mostly aimed at oil tankers. This article examines the maritime incidents that occurred in the Strait of Hormuz ...

Anticipated industrial growth in northern Norway, particularly of energy intensive industries such as hydrocarbons and mining, will inevitably result in increased electricity consumption. Northern Norway faces security of supply challenges, and substantial investments are needed in generation, transmission and distribution capacity in order to meet the growing electricity demand. This makes it ...

In Finland the legal definition of the indigenous Sámi has been debated heatedly for years and more recently it has entered academic circles. Some scholars submit that the current law-based definition in Finland is all too narrow, and argue that there should be more emphasis on self-identification by the individual. Further claims state that the ILO Convention No. 169 identifies the subjects of ...

Restorative Justice (RJ) is an alternative way of apprehending crime and justice which views crime as a violation of a relationship among victims, offenders and community, and which allows the active participation of the crime’s stakeholders. It has the objective of ‘putting right’ the wrong done, to restore the broken relationship and to reintegrate the offender back into society. The Ethiopian ...