Artificial intelligent systems often model the solutions of typical machine learning problems, inspired by biological processes, because of the biological system is faster and much adaptive than deep learning. The utility of bio-inspired learning methods lie in its ability to discover unknown patterns, and its less dependence on mathematical modeling or exhaustive training. In this paper, we propose ...

During HIV-1 transmission through T cell virological synapses, the recruitment of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein to the site of cell–cell contact is important for adhesion and for packaging onto nascent virus particles which assemble at the site. Live imaging studies in CD4 T cells have captured the rapid recruitment of the viral structural protein Gag to VSs. We explored the role of endocytic ...

<i>Aims</i>: We wish to investigate the energy conversion between particles and electromagnetic fields and determine the location where it occurs in the plasma environment of comets.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We used a hybrid plasma model that included photoionization, and we considered two cases of the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. Other parameters corresponded to the conditions of comet ...

The lidar measurements at Verhnetulomski observatory (68.6¡N, 31.8¡E) at Kola peninsula detected a considerable increase of stratospheric aerosol concentration after the solar proton event of GLE (ground level event) type on the 16/02/84. This increase was located at precisely the same altitude range where the energetic solar protons lost their energy in the atmosphere. The aerosol layer ...

Background The environment-induced cracking (EIC) of as-annealed Ni3(Si,Ti) and Ni3(Si,Ti) with 2Mo has been researched as functions of applied stress, chloride ion concentration, test temperature, and pH. Methods The investigation of EIC was carried out by applying a constant method in NaCl solutions. Results The EIC susceptibility of both intermetallic compounds increased with ...

Climate model emulators are widely used to generate temperature projections for climate scenarios, including in the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. Here we evaluate the performance of a two-layer energy balance model in emulating historical and future temperature projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. We find that emulation ...

A new algorithm is proposed for estimating time-evolving global forcing in climate models. The method is a further development of the work of Forster et al. (2013), <a href=https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50174>https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50174</a>, taking into account the non-constancy of the global feedbacks. We assume that the non-constancy of this global feedback can be explained as a time-scale ...

Estimating the density of space debris as a function of orbital elements and size is crucial for determining the risk of collision of spacecraft. For objects 1 cm or larger in diameter, this information can be obtained using beam park observations made with powerful ground based radars. This study presents a novel technique for estimating the density of space debris as a function of orbital elements ...

The synergy of fine-to-moderate-resolutin (i.e., 10–60 m) satellite data of the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) provides a possibility to monitor the dynamics of sensitive aquatic systems. However, it is imperative to assess the spectral consistency of both sensors before developing new algorithms for their combined use. This study evaluates ...