• Long-term studies of mesosphere and lower-thermosphere summer length definitions based on mean zonal wind features observed for more than one solar cycle at middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere 

      Jaen, Juliana; Renkwitz, Toralf; Chau, Jorge L.; He, Maosheng; Hoffmann, Peter; Yamazaki, Yosuke; Jacobi, Christoph; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Matthias, Vivien; Hall, Chris (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-20)
      Specular meteor radars (SMRs) and partial reflection radars (PRRs) have been observing mesospheric winds for more than a solar cycle over Germany (∼ 54◦ N) and northern Norway (∼ 69◦ N). This work investigates the mesospheric mean zonal wind and the zonal mean geostrophic zonal wind from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) over these two regions between 2004 and 2020. Our study focuses on the ...
    • Long-Term studies of the summer wind in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at middle and high latitudes over Europe 

      Jaen, Juliana; Renkwitz, Toralf; Liu, Huixin; Jacobi, Christoph; Wing, Robin; KuchaÅ™, Aleš; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Gulbrandsen, Njål; Chau, Jorge L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-01)
      Continuous wind measurements using partial-reflection radars and specular meteor radars have been carried out for nearly 2 decades (2004–2022) at middle and high latitudes over Germany (∼ 54<sup>∘</sup> N) and northern Norway (∼ 69<sup>∘</sup> N), respectively. They provide crucial data for understanding the long-term behavior of winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Our investigation ...
    • Meteor radar vertical wind observation biases and mathematical debiasing strategies including the 3DVAR+DIV algorithm 

      Stober, Gunter; Liu, Alan; Kozlovsky, Alexander; Qiao, Zishun; Kuchar, Ales; Jacobi, Christoph; Meek, Chris; Janches, Diego; Liu, Guiping; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Gulbrandsen, Njål; Nozawa, Satonori; Lester, Mark; Belova, Evgenia; Kero, Johan; Mitchell, Nicholas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-13)
      Meteor radars have become widely used instruments to study atmospheric dynamics, particularly in the 70 to 110 km altitude region. These systems have been proven to provide reliable and continuous measurements of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Recently, there have been many attempts to utilize specular and/or transverse scatter meteor measurements to estimate vertical ...