• Is it cognitive effort you measure? Comparing three task paradigms to the Need for Cognition scale 

      Mækelæ, Martin Jensen; Klevjer, Kristoffer; Westbrook, Andrew; Eby, Noah S.; Lima-Eriksen, Rikke; Pfuhl, Gerit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-17)
      Measuring individual differences in cognitive effort can be elusive as effort is a function of motivation and ability. We report six studies (N = 663) investigating the relationship of Need for Cognition and working memory capacity with three cognitive effort measures: demand avoidance in the Demand Selection Task, effort discounting measured as the indifference point in the Cognitive Effort ...
    • Teleological reasoning bias is predicted by pupil dynamics: Evidence for the extensive integration account of bias in reasoning 

      Mækelæ, Martin Jensen; Kreis, Isabel; Pfuhl, Gerit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-28)
      Teleological reasoning is the tendency for humans to see purpose and intentionality in natural phenomena when there is none. In this study, we assess three competing theories on how bias in reasoning arises by examining performance on a teleological reasoning task while measuring pupil size and response times. We replicate that humans (N=45) are prone to accept false teleological explanations. Further, ...