Internal and external factors regulating the past composition of plant communities are difficult to identify in palaeo-vegetation records. Here, we develop an index of relative entropy of community assembly, which applies to changes in the composition of a community over time, measuring disorder in its assembly relative to disassembly. Historical periods of relatively ordered assembly (negative ...

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, ...

<p>1. Plant biodiversity, which is fundamental for the delivery of ecosystem services, is in decline. Yet, knowledge about how plant biodiversity is perceived and appreciated is scarce. <p>2. We studied biologists' and laypeople's perception and appreciation for plant communities that differ in plant biodiversity,using ranges of plant biodiversity known to affect ecosystem services. We investigate ...

14. desember 1911 ble Sydpolen erobret! Da Roald Amundsen og hans mannskap på fire nådde klodens sydligste punkt som de aller første, var det en verdensbegivenhet. <p> <p>Nordmenns beundring for vågemot, styrke og overlevelsesevne gjorde denne ekspedisjonen til en nasjonal stolthet, og den ble viktig for norsk identitetsbygging (Fulsås 2004, 222). Etter at Fridtjof Nansen hadde krysset Grønland ...

In 2010, the first shaman festival to be held in the Nordic countries opened its doors to the public in the county of Lavangen, Northern Norway (Fig. 1). The festival is named Isogaisa and presented as an indigenous festival highlighting the spiritual traditions of indigenous people. At this annual festival, shamans from all over the world gather to perform ceremonies and exchange knowledge.

Slate was a prominent tool material in the Scandinavian Stone Age.However, details of tool function have relied on morphology and have added littleto our understanding of their role in hunting and processing. Here, wedemonstrate that it is possible to identify both the use-wear traces and residuesfrom slate knives from northern Norway. By applying a multi-disciplinaryapproach incorporating ...

In Karasjok, on the Norwegian side of Sápmi, there is a cultural-historical museum, Sámiid Vuorká-Dávvirat (SVD) (The Sámi Museum), and an art collection comprising 1,400 works of art. The museum building was completed in 1972. Different ideas for an art museum in connection to the SVD building have existed since the 1980s, but for various reasons no plans for an art museum have so far come to ...

‘Excellence’ is a word that is used in academic and political discourses both as an unquestionable (and unquestioned) goal, as well as an undefinable standard against which academics and their work are assessed. This chapter seeks to ask some of the questions – and tease apart some of the underlying assumptions – that are encased in the ubiquitous use of the term. Ultimately, it shows that ‘excellence’ ...