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A Review of the Legal Framework Governing Shipping’s Contributions to Ocean Acidification
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-11-19)This thesis is going to analyse the legal framework governing shipping’s contributions to ocean acidification and its effects on the marine environment. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of ocean acidification is emerging, the United Nation Convention on Law of the Sea (LOSC) as a main legal framework does not directly mention the acidification of the oceans by ships, the lack of legal studies in this area ... -
Revisiting Bioprospecting in the Southern Ocean in the Context of the BBNJ Negotiations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-20)This article revisits marine bioprospecting in the Southern Ocean in the context of the efforts to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. After briefly introducing the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), this article ... -
Revisiting the Legal Status of Dependent Archipelagic Waters from First Principles
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2022-12-10)An archipelago is a ‘group of islands, including parts of islands, interconnecting waters and other natural features which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural features form an intrinsic geographical, economic and political entity, or which historically have been regarded as such’.1 For the most part the law on archipelagic States is well-settled. Part iv of the ... -
Right of access of land-locked state to the sea by the example of bilateral agreement between land-locked state - Nepal and port state – India
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2010-08-31)Right of access of land-locked state to the sea and it is the examination of bilateral treaty between land-locked state Nepal and Port state India with the light of global convention UNLOSC. -
The Rights of Indigenous Peoples to Harvest Marine Mammals in the Arctic. Perspectives from International Human Rights Law and the Law of the Sea
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-09-01)In the context of increasing duties to protect and preserve marine biodiversity, and of gaining importance of indigenous rights, this thesis discusses how international law recognizes the rights of indigenous peoples to harvest marine mammals. It takes on both the perspective from a human rights lawyer, as that of a law of the sea scholar. The human rights law perspective is based on the right to ... -
The Rights of Indigenous Peoples to Marine Space and Marine Resources under International Law
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-08)This thesis explores the extent to which international law recognizes and protects the customary rights of coastal indigenous peoples to marine space and marine resources. The thesis explores the principal instruments of the law of the sea and international human rights law pertaining to indigenous peoples as well as the relevant case law. The thesis also specifically examines those multilateral and ... -
Rimelighetshensyn ved tolkning og revisjon av kommersielle avtaler
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-12-15)Oppgaven undersøker grensen mellom tolkning og revisjon av kommersielle avtaler. Fokuset for oppgaven er hvilken rolle rimelighetshensyn har i kommersielle avtaler. Formålet er å undersøke hvilken fremgangsmåte som er mest hensiktsmessig å bruke dersom en avtale fremstår urimelig. -
Risikovurderinger i asylsaker. Risikoterskelen og betydningen av asylsøkers subjektive frykt
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-12-16)Det overordnede emnet for oppgaven er risikovurderinger i asylsaker. Risikovurderinger i asylsaker er tilknyttet vilkåret «well-founded fear» i flyktningkonvensjonen av 1951 artikkel 1 A (2) og lov 15. mai 2008 nr. 35 om utlendingers adgang til riket og deres opphold her (utlendingsloven) § 28 første ledd bokstav a. Oppgaven vil ta for seg to hovedproblemstillinger. Den første problemstillingen ... -
The Role Of Bangladesh As A Coastal State In Preventing Marine Plastic Pollution From Land-Based Sources
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-09-01)Marine Plastic Pollution from land-based sources is posing a serious threat to the marine environment. This thesis aims to examine the international laws and national laws of Bangladesh regarding plastic pollution from land-based sources. -
The Role of Climate Litigation in the Development of a Mandatory Climate Due Diligence for energy companies.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)Climate change is a global phenomenon that affects every individual on our planet. Achieving the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement and mitigating the adverse effects within the planetary boundaries requires collective efforts. However, despite the urgent calls from the scientific community, many governments' NDCs are falling short. Consequently, a new approach is necessary. Energy companies, ... -
The role of due diligence obligations in climate change litigation to fill in the corporate climate accountability gap
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-31)This thesis aims at answering the following legal question: to what extent can due diligence legislation be used in climate governance to fill in the corporate climate accountability gap through climate change litigation? The objective of this research is to critically assess the legal potential of due diligence legislation within corporate climate litigation cases. In other words, the research ... -
The Role of International Environmental Obligations in the Interpretation and Invocation of the Two-year Rule for the Approval or Disapproval of Plans of Work in the Exploitation Phase
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-01)This thesis has begun its text by introducing the general importance of the Area and then explaining the general legal framework in international law. In particular, environmental obligations that have already existed in international law are introduced. These obligations have been considered between states and the ISA, aware of the fact that the prospective contractors are supposed to conduct ... -
The Role of RFMOs in the Conservation of Shortfin Mako Sharks in the Northern Atlantic Ocean
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-01)The aim of the thesis was to assess the role of the RFMOs in the conservation of shortfin makos in the Northern Atlantic. Initially, the study examined and analysed the framework of conservation and management measures guiding the conservation of the shortfin makos. Subsequently, the thesis explored the mechanisms relating to how the RFMOs have operationalised the relevant measures. Lastly, the ... -
The role of the environmental impact assessment in the exploration and exploitation activities on the deep seabed
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-09-01)Through new technologies and intensified research, humans have acquired knowledge of the marine areas as a holder of a high quantity of non-living resources. This thesis focuses on the legal regulation of EIAs in the context of the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources of the deep seabed. This deep seabed is beyond national jurisdiction and is referred to as “the Area” in the United ... -
The Role of the International Seabed Authority in the regime of the protection of the living resources within Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-09-01)Law of the Sea Convention is the fundamental comprehensive international document dealing with various uses of the seas and oceans. General international law divides maritime zones on the one hand within national jurisdiction, from the other hand on areas beyond national jurisdiction. It has been commonly accepted that the areas beyond national jurisdiction refers to the high seas and the Area. Law ... -
The role of the principle of common but differentiated responsibility in regulating pollution of the marine environment from post-consumer plastic wastes from land-based sources
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-09-03)Land-based pollution of the oceans is considered to be one of the biggest challenges of our times, this an example of tragedy of commons. This thesis determines which international legal means apply to combating pollution of the oceans from land with post-consumer plastic waste. The thesis provides a short overview of global legal means and applicable principles of international environmental law.The ... -
Romavlytting som ledd i Politiets sikkerhetstjenestes forebyggende arbeid mot terrorhandlinger
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-05-04)Avhandlingen gir en analyse av de materielle og formelle krav som stilles til PSTs adgang til å romavlytte mulig terroristvirksomhet uten at vilkårene for å iverksette etterforskning er oppfylt. -
Rommet for selvstendig rettsvernshevd i norsk rett. En analyse av reglens rettslige grunnlag, innhold og eksistens
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-06-01)Etter Høyesteretts avgjørelse i HR-2017-33-A har det reist seg tvil om hvorvidt regelen om selvstendig rettsvernshevds eksistens og innhold. Avhandlingen drøfter hvilket utgangspunkt som kan oppstilles for regelen, med utgangspunkt i den etablerte underrettspraksis som foreligger, og Høyesteretts premisser i Forusstranda. -
Rusmiddeltesting i arbeidslivet : adgang, skranker og konsekvenser
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-05-05)Oppgaven tar for seg de begrensninger som følger av lov før rusmiddeltesting kan gjennomføres, og ulike konsekvenser som kan kan tenkes i forhold til dette, herunder positiv rusmiddeltest, nekte å gjennomføre test, og urettmessig innhentet rusmiddeltest som bevis. -
Russia’s Blockade in the Sea of Azov: A Call for Relief Shipments for Mariupol
(Chronicle; Kronikk, 2022)On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation launched an invasion of Ukraine. Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian civilians have no possibility to evacuate from besieged cities of eastern Ukraine as the humanitarian corridors are not functioning (see here). According to media reports, the worst humanitarian situation right now is found in the port city of Mariupol which has a strategic location ...