Herein, we report a straightforward sequential acylation‐Finkelstein approach to achieve iodination of amine containing bioactives. The utility was demonstrated by successful radiolabelling with ¹²³I in high radiochemical yield. Moreover, microwave‐assisted Finkelstein reaction can be employed to enhance conversion and reaction rates to obtain the desired iodides. The method is of interest ...

Spin-exchange optical hyperpolarization of ¹²⁹Xe gas enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The governing parameter of the Rb-Xe spin-exchange process, the so-called enhancement factor, was recently reevaluated experimentally. However, the underlying hyperfine coupling and atomic interaction potential as functions of the internuclear distance of the ...

The potential impact of future climate change on methane release from oceanic gas hydrates is the subject of much debate. We analyzed World Ocean Database quality controlled data on the Norwegian‐Svalbard continental margin from the past 60 years to evaluate the potential effect of ocean temperature variations on continental margin gas hydrate reservoirs. Bottom water temperatures in the Norwegian‐Svalbard ...

Quantitative seismic interpretation has become an important and critical technology for improved hydrocarbon exploration and production. However, this is typically a resource-demanding process that requires information from several well logs, building a representative velocity model, and, of course, high-quality seismic data. Therefore, it is very challenging to perform in an exploration or appraisal ...

Here we present an objective global climatology of polar lows. In order to obtain objective detection criteria, the efficacy of several parameters for separating polar lows from other cyclones has been compared. The comparison and the climatology are based on the ERA‐Interim reanalysis from 1979 ‐ 2016 and the high‐resolution Arctic System Reanalysis from 2000 ‐ 2012. The most effective parameters ...

In this mini-review, we provide an overview of recent computational studies on homogeneous transition metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation with CO2. We cover substitution and addition reactions involving different metals (mainly Ni, Rh, Cu) and substrates (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes) with focus on the mechanistic details. The CO2 insertion step is generally found to be rate-limiting. ...

Fluctuation-induced plasma–wall interactions is a major concern for the next generation, high duty-cycle magnetic confinement fusion devices. The turbulence is generated in the outboard midplane transition region between the confined core plasma and the scrape-off layer where magnetic field lines intersect material walls. Here, filaments of hot and dense plasma, elongated in the field direction, ...

The key operation in Bayesian inference is to compute high-dimensional integrals. An old approximate technique is the Laplace method or approximation, which dates back to Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774). This simple idea approximates the integrand with a second-order Taylor expansion around the mode and computes the integral analytically. By developing a nested version of this classical idea, combined ...

The extent and dynamics of the north-eastern sector of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) during the last glacial still remain very uncertain, and maximum ice extents to inner-shelf, mid-shelf and outer-shelf positions have been suggested. Here we argue that the margin of the GIS reached the shelf break along part of its NE sector during the last glacial maximum. Swath-bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler ...

<p>The evolution of the northwestern Barents Sea continental margin, part of a NW-SE trending mega shear zone, has been reconstructed in order to quantify the sedimentation and erosion affecting this area during and after its formation in the Paleogene–Neogene. This development was closely related to the sea-floor opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. Our study incorporated 2D seismic data, well ...