Optical constituents in the ocean are often categorized as water, phytoplankton, sediments and dissolved matter. However, the optical properties of seawater are influenced, to some degree, by scattering and absorption by all particles in the water column. Here we assess the relevant size ranges for determining the optical properties of the ocean. We present a theoretical basis supporting the hypothesis ...

Subglacial upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom water is known to sustain elevated summer primary production in tidewater-glacier-influenced fjord systems. However, the importance of subglacial upwelling during the early spring season has not been considered yet. We hypothesized that subglacial discharge under sea ice is present in early spring and that its flux is sufficient to increase phytoplankton ...

<p>In the Arctic, seasonal patterns in seawater biochemical conditions are shaped by physical, chemical, and biological processes related to the alternation of seasons, i.e. winter polar night and summer midnight sun. In summertime, CO₂ concentration is driven by photosynthetic activity of autotrophs which raises seawater pH and carbonate saturation state (Ω). In addition, restriction of ...

Harmonization of methods in microplastics research is lacking; this is affecting the comparability of results and hindering reproducibility. Investigating microplastics in snow is a relatively new field of research, and it can be used to answer questions about long-range atmospheric transport of microplastics. In this thesis, snow sampling methods were combined with the dye, Nile Red, to develop a ...

Historically, anadromous salmonids provided a necessary provisioning service for Norwegian coastal settlements that has transitioned into the socio-cultural service that they provide today. Over the past decades, human impact has caused anadromous salmonid populations to decline. A recent assessment found many Norwegian sea trout populations to be in poor condition. Reference point management has ...

Hibernation is a physiological and behavioural adaptation that permits survival during seasonal periods of energy shortage via a combination of pre-hibernal energy storage and hibernal metabolic depression, i.e. torpor. The central mechanisms in the brain that control torpor expression and arousal from it has been under investigation since the dawn of hibernation research but remains unknown. Recent ...

Benthic communities change drastically in both biomass and community structure with increasing water depth on a global scale, attributed to a combination of food supply, environmental drivers, as well as physiological and competitive capacities. In the Arctic, benthic biogeographic patterns are additionally thought to be a result of the region’s glaciation history. Here, we investigate gross epibenthic ...

Introductions and invasions of species outside their natural range can have devastating effects on the native species and be a major driver of biodiversity change. When the zooplanktivorous vendace invaded the Pasvik watercourse in the 1990s, it quickly took over the ecological role of the native DR whitefish. In the upper part of the watercourse, DR whitefish was displaced from the pelagic habitat ...

<ol> <li>Sampling efficiency is crucial to overcome the data crisis in biodiversity and to understand what drives the distribution of rare species.</li <li>Adaptive niche‐based sampling (ANBS) is an iterative sampling strategy that relies on the predictions of species distribution models (SDMs). By predicting highly suitable areas to guide prospection, ANBS could improve the efficiency of sampling ...

The phytoplankton in coastal regions are responding to constant environmental changes, thus the use of proxies derived from in situ frequent time-series observations and validated from traditional microscopic or pigment methods can be a solution for detecting rapid responses of community dynamics and succession. In this study, we combined in situ high-frequency (every 30 min from May to September ...