Institutt for arktisk og marin biologi: Nye registreringer
Viser treff 1361-1380 av 2070
-
Can morphology reliably distinguish between the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis, or is DNA the only way?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-10)Copepods of the genus <i>Calanus</i> play a key role in marine food webs as consumers of primary producers and as prey for many commercially important marine species. Within the genus, <i>Calanus glacialis</i> and <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> are considered indicator species for Arctic and Atlantic waters, respectively, and changes in their distributions are frequently used as a tool to track climate ... -
ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO2, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-05)Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a ... -
Marine depth use of sea trout Salmo trutta in fjord areas of Central Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-15)The vertical behaviour of 44 veteran sea trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> (275–580 mm) in different marine fjord habitats (estuary, pelagic, near shore with and without steep cliffs) was documented during May–February by acoustic telemetry. The swimming depth of <i>S. trutta</i> was influenced by habitat, time of day (day v. night), season, seawater temperature and the body length at the time of tagging. ... -
Effects of water level regulation in alpine hydropower reservoirs: an ecosystem perspective with a special emphasis on fish
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-02-04)Sustainable development of hydropower demands a holistic view of potential impacts of water level regulation (WLR) on reservoir ecosystems. Most environmental studies of hydropower have focused on rivers, whereas environmental effects of hydropower operations on reservoirs are less well understood. Here, we synthesize knowledge on how WLR from hydropower affects alpine lake ecosystems and highlight ... -
Altered regulation of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 causes the unique vernalisation response in an arctic woodland strawberry accession
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-16)<p>Vernalisation requirement is an agriculturally important trait that postpones the development of cold‐sensitive floral organs until the spring. The family Rosaceae includes many agriculturally important fruit and berry crops that suffer from crop losses caused by frost injury to overwintering flower buds. Recently, a vernalisation‐requiring accession of the Rosaceae model woodland strawberry ... -
Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-17)The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease in two parts. Part one, on surveillance, animal health risk‐based measures and public health risks, was published in January 2017. This opinion (part two) addresses the remaining Terms of Reference, namely, ‘are the conclusions and recommendations in the EFSA opinion of June 2004 on diagnostic methods for chronic ... -
Area protection may reduce salmon louse infection risk to wild salmonids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011-05-30)ABSTRACT: Salmon louse <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> Krøyer infection levels in both wild sea trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L. and sentinel Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar</i> L. smolts were investigated inside and outside a temporary protected zone with limits on fish farming in the intensively farmed Romsdalsfjord system. Wild sea trout outside the protected zone had higher prevalence and significantly ... -
Growth and development of skeletal anomalies in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed phosphorus-rich diets with fish meal and hydrolyzed fish protein
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-03-22)Diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> were fed high-protein, phosphorus-rich diets (56–60% protein; ca 18g phosphorus kg<sup>-1</sup> diet) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding until parr-smolt transformation. Performances of salmon fed diets based on fish meal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) as the major protein sources were ... -
The distribution of the fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen, 1902
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-13)The range of the rarely caught fathead sculpin species <i>Cottunculus subspinosus</i> has been considered restricted to the waters off East Greenland and Northeast Iceland. For the first time the species is recorded from the east side of the Norwegian Sea, and also it is found further north in the Greenland Sea than previously known. Mapping all the corroborated specimens known indicates that the ... -
Temporally stable population-specific differences in run timing of one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon returning to a large river system
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010-12-06)The understanding of migration patterns can significantly contribute to conservation and management. The spawning migrations of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) cover thousands of kilometers from the feeding areas at sea to their natal rivers to reproduce. Migrating salmon are exposed to intensive harvest, but little is known of the population‐specific differences in migration behavior. In this ... -
Inter-laboratory testing of the effect of DNA blocking reagent G2 on DNA extraction from low-biomass clay samples
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-09)Here we show that a commercial blocking reagent (G2) based on modified eukaryotic DNA significantly improved DNA extraction efficiency. We subjected G2 to an inter-laboratory testing, where DNA was extracted from the same clay subsoil using the same batch of kits. The inter-laboratory extraction campaign revealed large variation among the participating laboratories, but the reagent increased the ... -
Size at maturity and molting probability across latitude in female Cancer pagurus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-11)Edible crab, <i>Cancer pagurus</i>, is a valuable North Atlantic fishery resource distributed from Morocco to northern Norway, covering a wide range of temperatures and other oceanographic variables. Knowledge on how local environmental conditions affect life history traits like maturity and growth in this species is however lacking, despite its importance in science-based management. Through analyses ... -
Temporal variability in surface water pCO2 in Adventfjorden (West Spitsbergen) with emphasis on physical and biogeochemical drivers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-26)Seasonal and interannual variability in surface water partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO2) and air‐sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from a West Spitsbergen fjord (IsA Station, Adventfjorden) are presented, and the associated driving forces are evaluated. Marine CO<sub>2</sub> system data together with temperature, salinity, and nutrients, were collected at the IsA Station between March 2015 and ... -
Mandibular shape in farmed Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to persistent organic pollutants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-26)We investigated if dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affect mandibular asymmetry and periodontal disease in paired male-siblings of Arctic foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>). During ontogeny, one group of siblings was exposed to the complexed POP mixture in naturally contaminated minke whale (<i>Balaenoptere acutorostarta</i>) blubber (n = 10), while another group was given wet ... -
The serostatus of Brucella spp., Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii and Neospora caninum in cattle in three cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-02)Dairy production in Bosnia and Herzegovina exhibits limited productivity, which may partly, be explained by extensive reproductive problems of non-infectious and infectious origin. Brucella spp., Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii and Neospora caninum are common infectious causes of decreased reproductive outcomes in cattle worldwide. Little is, however, known about the disease status of herds ... -
New Species of Saprobic Labyrinthulea (=Labyrinthulomycota) and the Erection of a gen. nov. to Resolve Molecular Polyphyly within the Aplanochytrids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-19)A culture of a unicellular heterotrophic eukaryote was established from pollen‐baited seawater acquired from the nearshore environment in Tromsø, Norway. Light microscopy revealed the production of ectoplasmic nets and reproduction by biflagellated zoospores, as well as binary division. After culturing and subsequent nucleotide extraction, database queries of the isolate's 18S small ribosomal subunit ... -
Stay or go – how topographic complexity influences alpine plant population and community responses to climate change
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-11)In the face of climate change, populations have two survival options − they can remain in situ and tolerate the new climatic conditions (“stay”), or they can move to track their climatic niches (“go”). For sessile and small-stature organisms like alpine plants, staying requires broad climatic tolerances, realized niche shifts due to changing biotic interactions, acclimation through plasticity, or ... -
Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to climate-associated changes in feeding habits
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) reach the Arctic ecosystems from lower latitudes mostly via air and ocean currents. They biomagnify through Arctic food webs and reach considerably high concentrations in top predators such as polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Although many of these compounds have been banned or restricted for decades, concentrations of polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine ... -
Epibenthic community structure in Northeast Greenland and the Kitikmeot Sea in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)Climate warming in the Arctic results in increased human use of Arctic shelf regions through oil and gas development and increased shipping. Such pressures necessitate the closing of knowledge gaps in poorly studied areas, here two areas located at outflow shelves in the Arctic, to record the current status of epibenthic marine ecosystems. This study characterizes epibenthic community structure, ... -
Arctic marine microbial ecology during the Svalbard Polar Night
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)This study investigated the presence and activity of the components of the microbial food web (sepcifically viruses, heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates, and autotrophic Cyanobacteria and pico-nanoflagellates) in the waters around the Svalbard archipelago (Norway) during the polar night period. The study focused on two major questions – are there differences in the community composition in ...