Institutt for arktisk og marin biologi: Nye registreringer
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Genetic roadmap of the Arctic: plant dispersal highways, traffic barriers and capitals of diversity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-07-22)<ul> <p><li>We provide the first comparative multispecies analysis of spatial genetic structure and diversity in the circumpolar Arctic using a common strategy for sampling and genetic analyses. We aimed to identify and explain potential general patterns of genetic discontinuity/connectivity and diversity, and to compare our findings with previously published hypotheses.</li></p> <p> <li>We ... -
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-10)The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional ... -
BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-24)<p><i>Motivation</i>: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and ... -
Probiotic dosing of ruminococcus flavefaciens affects rumen microbiome structure and function in reindeer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-08-20)Highly cellulolytic bacterial species such as <i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i> are regarded essential for the microbial breakdown of cellulose in the rumen. We have investigated the effect of ruminal dosing of <i>R. flavefaciens</i> strain 8/94-32 during realimentation of starved reindeer (males, n = 3). Microbiome function measured as in situ digestion of cellulose and food pellets (percent DMD; ... -
Demersal fish assemblages in the boreo-Arctic shelf waters around Svalbard during the warm period 2007–2014
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-17)The temporal and spatial resilience of abundance patterns of assemblages of organisms inhabiting transition zones between Arctic and boreal regions is an issue of concern in relation to climate change. The recognition that baseline information spanning such transition zones is required to facilitate future monitoring and assessments of temporal dynamics provided the motivation for the present study. ... -
Episodic Arctic CO2 Limitation in the West Svalbard Shelf
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-06)The European Sector of the Arctic Ocean is characterized by low CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in seawater during spring and summer, largely due to strong biological uptake driven by extensive plankton blooms in spring. The spring plankton bloom is eventually terminated by nutrient depletion and grazing. However, low CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in seawater and low atmospheric resupply of CO<sub>2</sub> ... -
Antioxidant defenses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and responsiveness toward dietary crude oil exposure
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-13)Increasing anthropogenic activities in the Arctic pose the risk for accidental oil spills but our knowledge of ecotoxicological effects is still limited for Arctic organisms. This study aimed to provide insights in baseline levels of antioxidants in polar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) from different Arctic locations and investigate the susceptibility of this species to oxidative stress during a 32 ... -
Recognition of candidate transcription factors related to bilberry fruit ripening by de novo transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-02)Bilberry (<i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> L.) fruits are an excellent natural resource for human diet because of their special flavor, taste and nutritional value as well as medical properties. Bilberries are recognized for their high anthocyanin content and many of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis have been characterized. So far, neither genomic nor RNA-seq data have been available for ... -
Can morphology reliably distinguish between the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis, or is DNA the only way?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-10)Copepods of the genus <i>Calanus</i> play a key role in marine food webs as consumers of primary producers and as prey for many commercially important marine species. Within the genus, <i>Calanus glacialis</i> and <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> are considered indicator species for Arctic and Atlantic waters, respectively, and changes in their distributions are frequently used as a tool to track climate ... -
ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO2, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-05)Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a ... -
Marine depth use of sea trout Salmo trutta in fjord areas of Central Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-15)The vertical behaviour of 44 veteran sea trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> (275–580 mm) in different marine fjord habitats (estuary, pelagic, near shore with and without steep cliffs) was documented during May–February by acoustic telemetry. The swimming depth of <i>S. trutta</i> was influenced by habitat, time of day (day v. night), season, seawater temperature and the body length at the time of tagging. ... -
Effects of water level regulation in alpine hydropower reservoirs: an ecosystem perspective with a special emphasis on fish
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-02-04)Sustainable development of hydropower demands a holistic view of potential impacts of water level regulation (WLR) on reservoir ecosystems. Most environmental studies of hydropower have focused on rivers, whereas environmental effects of hydropower operations on reservoirs are less well understood. Here, we synthesize knowledge on how WLR from hydropower affects alpine lake ecosystems and highlight ... -
Altered regulation of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 causes the unique vernalisation response in an arctic woodland strawberry accession
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-16)<p>Vernalisation requirement is an agriculturally important trait that postpones the development of cold‐sensitive floral organs until the spring. The family Rosaceae includes many agriculturally important fruit and berry crops that suffer from crop losses caused by frost injury to overwintering flower buds. Recently, a vernalisation‐requiring accession of the Rosaceae model woodland strawberry ... -
Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-17)The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease in two parts. Part one, on surveillance, animal health risk‐based measures and public health risks, was published in January 2017. This opinion (part two) addresses the remaining Terms of Reference, namely, ‘are the conclusions and recommendations in the EFSA opinion of June 2004 on diagnostic methods for chronic ... -
Area protection may reduce salmon louse infection risk to wild salmonids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011-05-30)ABSTRACT: Salmon louse <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> Krøyer infection levels in both wild sea trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L. and sentinel Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar</i> L. smolts were investigated inside and outside a temporary protected zone with limits on fish farming in the intensively farmed Romsdalsfjord system. Wild sea trout outside the protected zone had higher prevalence and significantly ... -
Growth and development of skeletal anomalies in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed phosphorus-rich diets with fish meal and hydrolyzed fish protein
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-03-22)Diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> were fed high-protein, phosphorus-rich diets (56–60% protein; ca 18g phosphorus kg<sup>-1</sup> diet) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding until parr-smolt transformation. Performances of salmon fed diets based on fish meal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) as the major protein sources were ... -
The distribution of the fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen, 1902
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-13)The range of the rarely caught fathead sculpin species <i>Cottunculus subspinosus</i> has been considered restricted to the waters off East Greenland and Northeast Iceland. For the first time the species is recorded from the east side of the Norwegian Sea, and also it is found further north in the Greenland Sea than previously known. Mapping all the corroborated specimens known indicates that the ... -
Temporally stable population-specific differences in run timing of one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon returning to a large river system
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010-12-06)The understanding of migration patterns can significantly contribute to conservation and management. The spawning migrations of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) cover thousands of kilometers from the feeding areas at sea to their natal rivers to reproduce. Migrating salmon are exposed to intensive harvest, but little is known of the population‐specific differences in migration behavior. In this ... -
Inter-laboratory testing of the effect of DNA blocking reagent G2 on DNA extraction from low-biomass clay samples
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-09)Here we show that a commercial blocking reagent (G2) based on modified eukaryotic DNA significantly improved DNA extraction efficiency. We subjected G2 to an inter-laboratory testing, where DNA was extracted from the same clay subsoil using the same batch of kits. The inter-laboratory extraction campaign revealed large variation among the participating laboratories, but the reagent increased the ... -
Size at maturity and molting probability across latitude in female Cancer pagurus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-11)Edible crab, <i>Cancer pagurus</i>, is a valuable North Atlantic fishery resource distributed from Morocco to northern Norway, covering a wide range of temperatures and other oceanographic variables. Knowledge on how local environmental conditions affect life history traits like maturity and growth in this species is however lacking, despite its importance in science-based management. Through analyses ...