Modern land-based tourism in Longyearbyen had its beginning in the early 90s, but ships with tourists visiting Svalbard can be traced back as far as 1807. Over the past 20 years, the interest in Svalbard as a tourist destination has increased significantly, which has led to a rapid increase in the number of visitors. This relatively young industry have had to constantly adapt to this increased number ...

The hazards associated with ice accretion primarily due to impinging freezing sea spray on ship structures are considered among serious safety concerns for ships operating in the colder regions. An accurate sea-spray icing-estimation model to evaluate the ice accumulation during operations in these regions can make marine operations safer. The accuracy of the present icing models for estimating icing ...

In this paper we analyse how a municipality set out to integrate risk management throughout an organisation with more than 9000 employees in six divisions and over 100 sub-units. An objective was to ensure coherence in risk management related work conducted in various sub-units in the municipality. Being forerunners, those involved had to find their own way. We identify three focus areas of importance ...

Digitalization and technological advancements have accelerated the development and emergence of autonomous and remotely controlled ships in the maritime transport sector. This type of vessels consists of highly intelligent and adaptive functionalities, equipped with a variety of external sensors and actuators to gain situation awareness, automated control and adaptive maneuvering for achieving more ...

In a risk analysis we identify the causes that could lead to unwanted events/ outcomes. We introduce barriers that will reduce the probabilities of such events and also barriers that will mitigate the consequences of such events.<p> <p>Regarding Arctic Marine Transportation Challenges, more attention should be placed on communicating all work that is undertaken to enhance the safety and limit ...

While concepts like risk and crisis management have grown ubiquitous at all levels of government, they have also cemented their place in academia as interdisciplinary fields of study in higher education. In the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), these types of educational programmes are typically labelled under the umbrella term ‘societal security’ in English. This article provides a succinct depiction ...

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of increasing deaths in women worldwide. The complex nature (microcalcification and masses) of breast cancer cells makes it quite difficult for radiologists to diagnose it properly. Subsequently, various computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have previously been developed and are being used to aid radiologists in the diagnosis of cancer cells. However, due ...

The liquid fuel breakup mechanism in spray injection with ambient air for diesel and biodiesel at different fuel temperatures is studied numerically. We find that biodiesel fuel type injection with low fuel temperature induces more air entrainment volume to the boundary of the spray than diesel fuel injection and higher fuel temperature. Meanwhile, the normalized parcel density for biodiesel is 12% ...

The article is a public policy analysis of the development of legislation on critical infrastructure in the European Union (EU), covering 27 developed countries. More precisely, it concerns the 2022 CER Directive “on the resilience of critical entities’. This directive replaced the 2008 ECI Directive ‘on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructure and the assessment of ...

Due to the impacts of hydrological and ecological processes on water quality, discharges from upstream catchments have induced significant pollution to the recipients. This study aims to investigate the possible pollution sources from catchments with different types of land use and landscape patterns and develop the relationships between water quality and the catchment hydro-geological and ...