Exocytosis is a fundamental process in physiology, that ensures communication between cells, organs and even organisms. Hormones, neuropeptides and antibodies, among other cargoes are packed in exocytic vesicles that need to reach and fuse with the plasma membrane to release their content to the extracellular milieu. Hundreds of proteins participate in this process and several others in its regulation. ...

Nanomedicine has been, to a certain degree, a success story in the development of superior anticancer therapies. However, there are tumors that remain a huge challenge for nanoformulations, for instance, brain tumors such as glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain tumor. To utilize the fact that such tumors are characterized by an acidic extracellular environment, we selected pH-responsive ...

Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has until the last decade been the standard treatment for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, many patients were not offered surgical treatment due to high age or unacceptable surgical risk estimated by surgical risk scores. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a less invasive treatment modality where the valve is implanted using a ...

The small-aperture Spitsbergen seismic array (SPITS) has been in continuous operation at Janssonhaugen for decades. The high-Arctic location in the Svalbard archipelago makes SPITS an ideal laboratory for the study of cryoseisms, a nontectonic class of seismic events caused by freeze processes in ice, ice–soil, and ice–rock materials. We extracted a catalog of > 100 000 events from the nearly ...

The innovative development of the legal regime of straits has prevented the erection of ‘sovereignty-barriers’ to the movement of humans in and above straits. However, it overlooks to a great extent the significance of straits for marine organisms and birds. This article examines if it is necessary to supplement the legal regime of straits with rules that would allow circumnavigating ‘sovereign ...

Recently, there have been several attempts to use the kind of reasoning found in Fitch’s knowability paradox to argue for rather sweeping metaphysical claims: Jago (2020) uses such reasoning to argue that every truth has a truthmaker, and Loss (2021) does so to argue that every fact is grounded. This strategy has been criticized by Trueman (2021), who points out that the same kind of reasoning could ...

Nanocarriers have brought several medical advances through better diagnostics and improved drug therapy. Yet, many promising preclinical findings were never translated into clinical success, consequently slowing drug development, and increasing its financial burden. By reliably predicting the nanoparticle fate at in vitro stages, the disappointment of suboptimal in vivo outcome could be avoided. To ...

As was discussed in the section on verb particles in active clauses, the verb particle always precedes the direct objects in Swedish, while it often follows the direct object in the other Nordic varieties, especially when the direct object is a non­stressed pronoun. When it comes to simple reflexive direct objects (sig) [1] , the pattern in Swedish is more complex. Depending on verb class, the ...

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation system conserved among eukaryotes. The mammalian Atg1 homologues, Unc-51 like kinase (ULK) 1 and 2, are multifunctional proteins with roles in autophagy, neurite outgrowth, and vesicle transport. The mammalian ULK complex involved in autophagy consists of ULK1, ULK2, ATG13, FIP200, and ATG101. We have used pulldown and peptide array overlay assays to ...

Small rodents are some of the most important elements of boreal/arctic food webs, where they play essential functional roles. Their population dynamics are characterized by large amplitude multi-annual cycles regulated by direct and delayed density-dependence. These drastic variations in abundance have deep cascading effects into the whole ecosystem. Hence, the study boreal rodent population processes ...