This article presents a historical analysis of the Norwegian spring spawning herring fishery. Theoretically, the study is rooted in new institutional economics (NIE). The study shows that the fishery collapsed during the 1960s because of overfishing. The underlying key drivers were unregulated open access management, technological progress, and excess capacity building. The analysis further ...

Consumers are entitled to eat safe food, so authorities should ensure that this right is preserved by enacting regulations and ensuring compliance through enforcement activities. Safety inspection is key to the enforcement system. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of consumer responses to a regulatory scheme for safe seafood. The regulations consist of national and local authority enforcement ...

<p><b>Background</b> The northern regions of the Nordic countries have common challenges of sparsely populated areas, long distances, and an arctic climate. The aim of this study was to compare the cause and rate of fatal injuries in the northernmost area of the Nordic countries over a 5-year period. <p><b>Methods</b> In this retrospective cohort, we used the Cause of Death Registries to ...

Monitoring the distribution of marine non-indigenous species is a challenging task. To support this monitoring, we developed and validated the specificity of 12 primer-probe assays for detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from marine species all non-indigenous to Europe. The species include sturgeons, a Pacific red algae, oyster thief, a freshwater hydroid from the Black Sea, Chinese mitten crab, ...

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of ...

Abstract Sound analyses of the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and power generation are crucial for the advancement of wind energy optimization. As an emerging artificial intelligence technology, deep learning has received growing attention from energy researchers for its outstanding ability to provide complex mappings. However, deep neural networks involve complex configurations, ...

The aim of the study was to compare the level of mental distress of Sami and non-Sami residents in rural Sami core areas with that of people who have moved from these areas to cities in Norway. Previous research on mental health among the adult Sami population has mainly been conducted in rural areas, and there is a knowledge gap concerning the mental health of urban Sami. This study has a ...

We apply a polarimetric two-scale model to multifrequency synthetic aperture radar imagery of verified oil slicks measured by DLRs F-SAR instrument, which can acquire high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise data. The purpose, is to determine the permittivity of the scattering surface via an inversion procedure. The ocean surface is modelled as an ensemble of randomly orientated, tilted ...

This study encompasses the ore mineralogy, textures and sulphide trace element chemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic Lovisa stratiform Zn-Pb deposit and the stratigraphically underlying Lovisa Fe Formation in the Bergslagen ore province (Sweden). We investigate the relative timing of formation and subsequent modifications of its ores in relation to the c. 1.87–1.80 Ga Svecokarelian orogeny. The Lovisa ...

From the earliest months of life, infants prefer listening to and learn better from infant-directed speech (IDS) compared with adult-directed speech (ADS). Yet IDS differs within communities, across languages, and across cultures, both in form and in prevalence. This large-scale, multisite study used the diversity of bilingual infant experiences to explore the impact of different types of linguistic ...