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dc.contributor.authorZinner, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorMorales-Alamo, David
dc.contributor.authorØrtenblad, Niels
dc.contributor.authorLarsen, Filip J
dc.contributor.authorSchiffer, Tomas A
dc.contributor.authorWillis, Sarah J
dc.contributor.authorGelabert-Rebato, Miriam
dc.contributor.authorPerez-Valera, Mario
dc.contributor.authorBoushel, Robert
dc.contributor.authorCalbet, Jose AL
dc.contributor.authorHolmberg, Hans-Christer
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-13T14:41:30Z
dc.date.available2017-03-13T14:41:30Z
dc.date.issued2016-09-30
dc.description.abstractTo elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in adaptation of arm and leg muscles to sprint training, over a period of 11 days 16 untrained men performed six sessions of 4–6 × 30-s all-out sprints (SIT) with the legs and arms, separately, with a 1-h interval of recovery. Limb-specific VO2peak, sprint performance (two 30-s Wingate tests with 4-min recovery), muscle efficiency and time-trial performance (TT, 5-min all-out) were assessed and biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii taken before and after training. VO2peak and Wmax increased 3–11% after training, with a more pronounced change in the arms (P < 0.05). Gross efficiency improved for the arms (+8.8%, P < 0.05), but not the legs (−0.6%). Wingate peak and mean power outputs improved similarly for the arms and legs, as did TT performance. After training, VO2 during the two Wingate tests was increased by 52 and 6% for the arms and legs, respectively (P < 0.001). In the case of the arms, VO2 was higher during the first than second Wingate test (64 vs. 44%, P < 0.05). During the TT, relative exercise intensity, HR, VO2, VCO2, VE, and Vt were all lower during arm-cranking than leg-pedaling, and oxidation of fat was minimal, remaining so after training. Despite the higher relative intensity, fat oxidation was 70% greater during leg-pedaling (P = 0.017). The aerobic energy contribution in the legs was larger than for the arms during the Wingate tests, although VO2 for the arms was enhanced more by training, reducing the O2 deficit after SIT. The levels of muscle glycogen, as well as the myosin heavy chain composition were unchanged in both cases, while the activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were elevated only in the legs and capillarization enhanced in both limbs. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables that predict TT performance differ for the arms and legs. The primary mechanism of adaptation to SIT by both the arms and legs is enhancement of aerobic energy production. However, with their higher proportion of fast muscle fibers, the arms exhibit greater plasticity.en_US
dc.descriptionPublished version. Source at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00426> https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00426 </a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationZinner C. et.al.: The physiological mechanisms of performance enhancement with sprint interval training differ between the upper and lower extremities in humans. Frontiers in Physiology. 2016;7en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1421526
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2016.00426
dc.identifier.issn1664-042X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10610
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.relation.journalFrontiers in Physiology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Idrettsmedisinske fag: 850en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Sports medicine: 850en_US
dc.subjecthigh-intensity trainingen_US
dc.subjectlower bodyen_US
dc.subjectperformanceen_US
dc.subjecttriceps brachiien_US
dc.subjectupper bodyen_US
dc.titleThe physiological mechanisms of performance enhancement with sprint interval training differ between the upper and lower extremities in humansen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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