<p><i>Background</i>: There is a large body of evidence demonstrating long-lasting protective effect of each full-term pregnancy (FTP) on the development of breast cancer (BC) later in life, a phenomenon that could be related to both hormonal and immunological changes during pregnancies. In this work, we studied the pregnancy-associated differences in peripheral blood gene expression profiles between ...

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and include recognized persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible endocrine disrupting effects of different PFAS in adolescents. <p> <p>Methods: Serum concentrations of PFAS, thyroid, parathyroid and steroid hormones ...

Background. Our aim was to investigate the pattern of self reported symptoms and utilisation of health care services in Norway.<p> <p>Design and Methods. With data from the cross-sectional Tromsø Study (2007-8), we estimated population proportions reporting symptoms and use of seven different health services. By logistic regression we estimated differences according to age and gender. <p>Results. ...

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading source of morbidity and mortality, and research has shown education level to be a risk factor for the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between education level and self-reported CVD in Tromsø, Norway. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 12,400 participants enrolled in the fourth and seventh surveys of ...

Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education ...

Introduction: Recruiting doctors in rural areas is challenging. Various educational interventions have been introduced in many countries. This study aimed to explore undergraduate medical education interventions introduced to recruit doctors to rural areas, and the results of these interventions. Methods: We undertook a systematic search using search words 'rural', 'remote', 'workforce', 'physicians', ...

Social differences in body mass index and health behaviors are a major public health challenge. The uneven distribution of unhealthy body mass index and of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol consumption has been shown to mediate social inequalities in chronic diseases. While differential exposures to these health variables have been investigated, the ...

A drop in atmospheric pressure, as observed at high altitudes, leads to decreased oxygen saturation. The effect of regular changes in barometric pressure at sea level has never been studied in a general population. A cohort of adults aged 40 years were examined with pulse oximetry at two separate visits, and the local barometric pressure was available from the local weather station. The study aimed ...

<i>Background</i>: The NORSTENT trial randomized 9,013 patients to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent (DES) or bare-metal stent (BMS) with 5-year follow-up. No difference was found in the composite primary outcome of death from any cause and nonfatal spontaneous myocardial infarction after a median of 5 years of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included repeat ...

Seldom have studies taken account of changes in lifestyle habits in the elderly, or investigated their impact on disease-free life expectancy (LE) and LE with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using data on subjects aged 50+ years from three European cohorts (RCPH, ESTHER and Tromsø), we used multi-state Markov models to calculate the independent and joint effects of smoking, physical activity, obesity ...