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norskBlar i tittel Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin)
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Metabolsk syndrom, fedme og etnisitet i samiske kjerneområder
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2022-03-16)Metabolsk syndrom er en ansamling risikofaktorer for hjerte- og karsykdom og diabetes type 2. Disse risikofaktorene inkluderer forstørret midjeomkrets, forhøyet fastende blodsukker, forhøyede nivåer av triglyserider, lave nivåer av HDL-kolesterol (det ‘gode’ kolesterolet), og høyt blodtrykk. Dette kapittelet presenterer hovedfunn fra en doktorgrad som baserer seg på ... -
A method for sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of measurement error in multiple exposure variables using external validation data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-13)Background:<br>Measurement error in self-reported dietary intakes is known to bias the association between dietary intake and a health outcome of interest such as risk of a disease. The association can be distorted further by mismeasured confounders, leading to invalid results and conclusions. It is, however, difficult to adjust for the bias in the association when there is no internal validation ... -
A method of calculating diagnostic indexes for possible cancer symptoms in general practice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 1990)Most medical encounters start with the presentation of symptomns that lead to hypotheses about the diagnosis. It might be useful to know the probability of a disease when a symptom of it is presented in a consulation with a general practitioner, i.e., the positive predictive value (PPV) of a particular symptom in relation to a disease. A diagnostic index of this kind would need to be based ... -
Methodological issues in a prospective study on plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk within the EPIC cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-23)<i>Background</i> - The use of biomarkers of environmental exposure to explore new risk factors for pancreatic cancer presents clinical, logistic, and methodological challenges that are also relevant in research on other complex diseases.<p> <p><i>Objectives</i> - First, to summarize the main design features of a prospective case-control study –nested within the European Prospective Investigation ... -
Metoder for andrespråksopplæring av voksne innvandrere: en systematisk kartleggingsoversik
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2020)Vi utførte på oppdrag fra Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet (IMDi) en systematisk kartleggingsoversikt. Den sammenfattet studier om undervisningsstrategier for andrespråksopplæring av voksne innvandrere. <p> <p>Vi utførte et svært omfattende søk, og vurderte ca. 1100 studier i fulltekst. Vi inkluderte 66 studier, med totalt ca. 79 000 deltakere i studiene (77 060 deltakere er fra én svensk ... -
Mid-life alcohol consumption and survival to age 90 in men: The Tromsø Study 1979–1980 with follow-up to 2019
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-25)Aims: The Tromsø Study 1979–1980 collected information on alcohol (beer, wine and spirits) consumption frequency and inebriation frequency, and the oldest male participants (aged 50–54 years) were followed for all-cause mortality. This study aimed to identify the impact of habitual alcohol consumption in mid-life on reaching up to 90 years of age. Results: Among the study sample of 778, a total ... -
Migration health research in Norway: a scoping review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-05)<i>Aims:</i> To provide an overview of published research on migration and health conducted in Norway and identify gaps in the research field. <i>Methods:</i> Applying a scoping review methodology, we searched Medline for articles on migration health in Norway published between 2008 and 2020, and assessed them according to research topic, methodology, user-involvement and characteristics of the ... -
Mild cognitive impairment impacts health outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a disease management intervention
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-07)<p><i>Objective</i>: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in atrial fibrillation (AF) and has the potential to contribute to poor outcomes. We investigated the influence of MCI on survival and rehospitalisation in patients with chronic forms of AF undergoing a home-based, AF-specific disease management intervention (home-based intervention (HBI)) or standard management (SM).</p> <p><i>M ... -
The military service : mental distress and changes in health related behaviours among Norwegian army conscripts.
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 1994) -
Milk and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Cohort Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-17)According to World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research, it is ‘probable’ that dairy products decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, meta-analyses restricted to women have not shown associations between milk intake and risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to examine the association between milk intake and risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal ... -
Mind the Gap! Lay and Medical Perceptions of Risks Associated with the Use of Alternative Treatment and Conventional Medicine
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-19)Studies of the widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) demonstrate that CAM users relate to both subjective, experience-based knowledge and medical knowledge in treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to explore lay and medical risk perceptions associated with CAM and conventional medicine.<br> <b>Patients and Methods</b> Twenty-five Norwegian users of CAM who ... -
Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation, leukocyte telomere length, and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-17)<p><i>Background</i>: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) copy number and deletions have been proposed as risk markers for various cancer types, including breast cancer (BC).</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: To gain a more comprehensive picture on how these markers can modulate BC risk, alone or in conjunction, we performed simultaneous measurements of LTL and mtDNA copy number ... -
A Mixed-Method Study on Correlates of HIV-Related Stigma Among Gay and Bisexual Men in the Southern United States
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07)Societal prejudice against people living with HIV infection is a formidable public health challenge that can negatively impact health and well-being. We recruited a multiethnic sample of 129 gay and bisexual men living with HIV who completed a brief survey; a subset of participants completed semi-structured qualitative interviews to contextualize the data. In bivariate analyses, stigma was ... -
Mobile app as a tool to collect health data: a survey on vaccination against COVID-19
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022)Objective. To evaluate the feasibility of using a mobile app to collect health-related data and the impact of this data collection method on the results obtained, using the COVID-19 vaccination attitude assessment as an example. Material and methods. A survey was conducted on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination using the «Know Your Heart» mobile app. A total of 1,770 Arkhangelsk region residents ... -
Modelling PCB-153 in northern ecosystems across time, space, and species using the nested exposure model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-06)There is concern over possible effects on ecosystems and humans from exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals with similar properties. The main objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and apply the Nested Exposure Model (NEM) designed to simulate the link between global emissions and resulting ecosystem exposure while accounting for variation in time and space. NEM, ... -
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-01)<p>Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disease primarily characterized by reductions in muscle strength that increases the risk of falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Exercise is currently preferred in prevention and treatment, but it is unknown how different habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns associate with sarcopenia status. The purpose of ... -
Modes of Embodiment in Breast Cancer Patients Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2012-09-29)Breast cancer patients are frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). They often have complex reasons for, and experiences from, their use of CAM. Bodily experiences are important and almost unexplored elements in CAM use. Our aim was to explore the meaning and importance of bodily experiences among breast cancer patients who were using CAM as a supplement or an alternative to ... -
Modes of Interaction in Naturally Occurring Medical Encounters with General Practitioners: The ´One in a Million´ Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-04)In this article, we qualitatively explore the manner and style in which medical encounters between patients and general practitioners (GPs) are mutually conducted, as exhibited in situ in 10 consultations sourced from the <i>One in a Million: Primary Care Consultations Archive</i> in England. Our main objectives are to identify interactional modes, to develop a classification of these modes, and to ... -
Modifiable causes of premature death in middle-age in Western Europe: Results from the EPIC cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-14)Background<br> Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death.<br> Methods<br> We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the ... -
More diagnostic indexes from general practice for some important forms of cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 1990)A method of calculating positive predictive values (PPVs) and likelihood ralios (LRs) on the basis of Bayesian probabilities has been described previously. In the present article the method is applied to a sore which does not heal in relation to skin cancer, a lump in the breast in relation to female breast cancer, genital bleeding in relation to internal genital cancer in fernales and ...
